The deportation of peoples in the Soviet Union: causes, conditions, results and consequences. Deportation of peoples of the USSR in Kazakhstan

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2018-04-01 05:17:26

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History does not always bring people great discoveries and happy moments. Often the world is undergoing an irreversible event that would forever destroy the lives of hundreds of thousands of people. Such was the deportation of peoples in the USSR. Causes, conditions, results and consequences now remain an open question of concern to historians and a matter of controversy and dispute. Nevertheless, this tragedy cannot be regarded as a positive event in the history of mankind. Why? Will investigate this issue further.

Concept

The Deportation of peoples in the Soviet Union – an event that shook the country in the thirties of the last century. Political repression on such a scale previously not carried out, therefore for people it was a shock. The main feature of the deportation was that the process was outside of the proceedings. The masses moved, not taking into account the mutual determination, to different parts of the habitat that each was unusual, far from home, and sometimes dangerous.

Historical background

Historically, the deportation of peoples in the USSR ruined the life of ten nationalities. Among them were the Germans with the Koreans, there were also Chechens, Kalmyks and other people who for all that have lost their national autonomy.deportation of peoples in the USSR

People lost everything they had: house, family, relatives, work and money. They forcibly removed and settled in the terrible conditions in which only the most persistent survive. To this day it is unknown exactly what the peoples of the USSR were subject to deportation, as their number was huge. This “repressive grinder” came the ethnic groups, social strata and ethnic and religious population. Soviet citizens survived the terrible events of 30-ies, and later during the Second world war.

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The violence broke the peace poles, Ukrainians, Russians, Moldovans, Bulgarians, Armenians, Turks and other ethnic groups. To call this event a violation of human rights could only in 1991. Then the law acknowledged that the deportation of peoples in the Soviet Union was the place to be, and repressed peoples subjected to genocide, slander, forced resettlement, terror and other violations.

Causes of injustice

Why did the deportation of peoples in the Soviet Union? The reasons usually interpreted in the light of the beginning of the great Patriotic war. So to speak, is the terrible events of 40 years became the basis for the eviction of the unwanted peoples. But those who have a good rummage in those events to understand that this is not the main reason. After all, the deportation of peoples in the USSR began long before the tragedy of war.

Why did the Soviet government ruthlessly sent their people to death? Still about this debate. Officially, it is assumed that the betrayal was the reason for the deportation of peoples in the USSR. The reason was to help the representatives of these Nations to Hitler, and their active operations against the red Army.

A Striking example of injustice in the persecution of peoples can be regarded as the history of the Chechens and Ingush. Their eviction was hidden, but the real reason was not disclosed. People were forced to believe that on the territory of their native land will be held tactical maneuvers. According to many historians, after all, a problem of such ill-treatment of these peoples began their struggle for national independence and opposition to the terror of the Soviet regime.

deportation of peoples in the USSR causes of the condition results and implications

A Similar situation occurred with the Koreans. They began to evict for espionage in favor of Japan, which allegedly involved the representatives of this nation. But if we consider those events in more detail emerges the political motive of repression. So, thanks to the eviction of Koreans, the Soviet Union demonstrated its willingness to cooperate with China, anti-Japan and political position in the far East.

In General, it is worth noting that the deportation of peoples in the Soviet Union briefly showed the attitude of the authorities towards the political situation in the world. Previously they tried to eliminate only the peoples striving for independence, during the war, they, due to the eviction of the Nations sought the favor of the allies.

First wave

The First example of violent events were found in 1918. Then for seven years the Soviet government tried to evict the white guard Cossacks, and those who had large plots of land. The first test, the Cossacks of the Terek region. Except that they had to go to other areas in the Donbass and the North Caucasus, their native region was transferred to other future victims, the Ingush and Chechens.

Of Course, anything good has to end deportation of peoples in the USSR. Historiography shows that in 1921, even Russian citizens were evicted from their the field, when they were forcibly escorted from Turkestan.

The Following events occurred in the 30-ies. In Leningrad began a mass arrest of the Estonians, Latvians, poles, Germans, Finns and Lithuanians. It was followed by the eviction of Finnish Ingrian. A couple of years later was persecuted by the family of poles and Germans who had settled in the Ukraine.

War

The Deportation of peoples of the USSR during the war was more active and violent. At this time there were a huge number of Nations, among them the Kurds, the Crimean Roma, Pontic Greeks, Nogais, etc. they were Allarrested because of collaboration. Because of the alleged cooperation of these Nations with the country-aggressor and its allies, the people were deprived of their autonomy, homes and families. The deportation of peoples in the USSR, the table which historically replenished with new Nations, ruined the lives of more than 60 nationalities. In the table those peoples who suffered most.

Number of deported people (thousands cel)
VremeNiemcy

Krymskie

Tatari

DecencyIguchiKarachaevtsyKalmykBalcarce
Autumn 19411193
Autumn 1943137
The Winter of 1944731174192
Spring 1944190108
Spring-autumn 1945151328771217933
1946-194899929560815411515063
Summer 1949107829557615911515364
1950217530058216011815463
1953-1989987012273381852606722325

As history shows, the reasons for such behavior of the Soviet Union could be a lot. This conflict between countries and Nations, is the personal whim of Stalin, geopolitical considerations, various prejudices, etc. Try to consider how did the deportation of certain peoples of the USSR and how repression affected the lives of people.

The Chechens and Ingush

So, as shown by historical documents, the people were evicted because of the conduct of tactical exercises. This was due to the fact that it presupposes the existence of gangs in the mountains. On the one hand, this situation was justified. In the mountains then you can watch gangster elements trying to overthrow the Soviet regime. On the other hand, these forces were so small that they were not able to do anything.

However, since 1944, people were transported to Central Asia and Kazakhstan. As usual, when moving a lot of people died. Those who survived, just left in the desert. On land vacated by the Chechens and Ingush, were sent to students who had to support livestock, and other agriculture.

deportation of peoples of the USSR in Kazakhstan

It is Worth noting that researchers have repeatedly claimed that the charges in support of the Chechens, the Germans are not justified. This is due to the fact that no German soldiers were not seen in this country, and the cooperation and joining the ranks of the groups the Nazis could not happen because of mobilization in this region was not.

As mentioned earlier, the Chechens with the Ingush came under "hot hand" just because I have always fought for their independence and tried to resist the Soviet power.

Germans

Probably obvious that the first who were subjected to repression during the great Patriotic war, were the Germans. In 1941 came a decree according to which, followed by “destroy” the Autonomous Republic of the Volga region, which was inhabited by this nation. In just two days, a lot of people were sent to Siberia, Kazakhstan, Altai and the Urals. Their number reached 360 thousand people.deportation of peoples in the Soviet Union causes

The Reason for such repression was the appearance of information about the future of espionage and sabotage, which were to begin immediately after the filing of Hitler's signal. However, as history shows and documents found, there was no reason to believe that these events will occur. These rumors were merely a pretext to evict the German people.

Those Germans who were conscripted into the army, withdrew from there. Men at the age of 17 years next year called labor columns. There they worked hard at the factory, the lumber camps and mines. The same fate befell those people, the historical homeland of which were allies of Hitler. After the war, exiled, they tried to return home, but in 1947 they were again deported.

Karachays

The Karachais suffered from repressions in 1943. At the beginning of world war II their number amounted to slightly more than 70 thousand people. A year their territory was dominated by the German occupation. But after their release, people have been unable to find peace.

In 1943, they were accused of collaboration with German troops who Karachai helped, shown the way and hid from the red Army. To drive this nation to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, had to use the military, a total of 53 thousand. In the end, more than 69 thousand Karachays were deported from their native land. During transport, killed 600 people. Half repressed consisted of children up to 16 years.

Those who at the time served in the ranks of the red Army in 1944, after demobilization had been deported.deportation of peoples of the USSR and its consequences

Kalmyks

Kalmyks caught up with the same problem, and Karachai. At the end of 1943, issued a decree, which involved the eviction of this nation. The reason for their expulsion was the opposition to the Soviet government, refusing to help the red Army in the national conflict. The main event in this persecution was the operation “Regions”, pursued by the Soviet military.

In the first phase was eliminated more than 93 thousand Kalmyks. Among them were 700 bandits and those who actively collaborated with the Germans. In a month there were another 1,000 people. More than 50% of the Kalmyks settled in the Tyumen region. Due to the fact that the deportation took place in December/January, athe people killed during transport.

Those presented to this nation, which has benefited the red Army, was summoned from the front and educational institutions. At first they were divided into different military districts, and then was discharged from the service. And still there is historical evidence that the Kalmyks were still in the army and served the USSR.

Crimean Tatars

Since the start of the counteroffensive of the red Army, and after the liberation of regions and cities. However, Stalin did not stop and continued to evict the nation for the nation from their native lands. So, after the expulsion of the Germans from the Crimean lands began the repression of the Tatars.

According to the found documents it turned out that the reason for the resettlement lies in the desertion. According to Beria, more than 20 thousand people of this nation have become traitors of the red Army. Part of the Crimean Tatars decided to move to Germany. The other part remained in the Crimea. Here they were arrested and during a search found a huge number of weapons.deportation of peoples of the USSR in the war

The USSR at that time feared the influence of Turkey on the situation. That's where many Tatars lived before the war, and some of them remained there until then. So kinship could disturb the peace of civilians, and the presence of weapons would lead to riots and other unrest. These doubts of the Soviet regime was connected with the fact that Germany was trying to persuade Turkey to join the Union.

The Deportation lasted for about two days. For repression, the Soviet government sent 32 thousand military. Crimean Tatars had a few minutes to gather your things and go to the station. If people didn't want to leave home or could not walk, he was shot. As usual, many of the deportees died in transit due to lack of food, medical care and difficult conditions.

The Deportation of peoples of the USSR in WWII took place on a monthly basis. Under repression and Azerbaijanis who lived in Georgia. They were sent to Marchlinski district and Karayaz. The outcome of this tragedy was the fact that in the area there are only 31 families. The Armenians were evicted from their homeland in 1944. In the same year was persecuted Meskhetian Turks, Greeks, Turks and Kurds.

Tragedy

As a result, the deportation of peoples in the Soviet Union led to a terrible end, remaining forever in the hearts of every resident of a repressed nation. As indicated by historical data, the number of Germans who have been forcibly displaced has reached almost 950 thousand people. The total number of deported Chechens, Balkars, Ingush and Karachai amounted to 608 thousand. Crimean Tatars, Bulgarians, Greeks and Armenians were deported in the amount of 228 thousand.

deportation of peoples in the USSR photo

To settle down in a new territory, the settlers had to endure many difficulties. The mortality rate among these ethnic groups has increased several times, during the years of deportation died in the average of the fourth part of the nation.

Also worth noting is the attitude of residents to the deportees. Some considered this event to understand, while others believed repressed outcasts and despised them. This situation led to aggression on the part of the victims of these events. So, many turn against the Soviet government and tried to organize unrest in the society.

Brutal impact

Of Course, a terrible tragedy was the deportation of peoples in the USSR. Causes, conditions, results and consequences were negative. A lot of effort was thrown to the repression, rather than deal with the Nazis. A huge amount of technology and military were involved in the deportation, although they lacked at the front. Statistics show that more than 220 thousand soldiers worked on the relocation. Worked with them and almost 100 thousand employees of various law enforcement agencies.

In addition, repression was scared and the other peoples who were sure that soon will come after them. Thus, under "hot hand" could get Estonians, Ukrainians and Karelians. Kyrgyz also feared the loss of their native land, as it was rumored that all indigenous residents replaced by immigrants.

The Deportation of peoples of the USSR and its consequences led to the fact that completely erased all the boundaries of nationality. Due to the fact that the settlers were in an unfamiliar environment, indigenous people mixed with the repressed. Liquidated national-territorial formations. The repression left a huge imprint on the way of life of immigrants, their culture and traditions.

deportation of peoples in the Soviet Union briefly

The Deportation of peoples of the USSR and its consequences led to the fact that now many Nations are fighting among themselves, they are not able to divide the land. It is important to understand that many of the reasons for this process were not justified. Not to say that the Soviet government took a just solution, which would help during the Second world war. Some of the nation paid for his opposition to the authorities, the Germans became the victim of retaliation because of Hitler and his aggression.

Replenishment of Kazakhstan

Astana is also in its time was a place that “sheltered” of migrants. Deportation of peoples of the USSR in Kazakhstan began long before the war. A huge number of deportees came to the territory of the Republic, in 1931 they were about 190 thousand. Six years later, again arrived immigrants, there were already almost twice more than 360 thousand. So Kazakhstan became the place of residence of victims of repression.

Many ofthose who arrived for permanent residence, got a job working at industrial enterprises and in farms. They had to live in huts, yurts and makeshift structures under the open sky.

The Ukrainians came here in the XIX century. Before the war they became even more. After the war, the number of Ukrainians amounted to more than 100 thousand inhabitants. Among the deportees were families of kulaks and the OUN. By the early ' 50s in Kazakhstan began to arrive and those who were released from the camp.

Same Here, went to the Korean deportees, which in 1937 brought from the Far East. Arrived in Kazakhstan and poles, which were sent here because of the threat of world war, just the end of the 30's. With the outbreak of the Second world arrived in Astana more representatives of this nation.

deportation of peoples in the USSR table

After the war, huge numbers of settlers continued to migrate into the area. Deportation of peoples of the USSR in Kazakhstan led to the fact that on the territory of this Republic were all nationalities living on the territory of the Soviet Union. Already in 1946, added another 100 thousand victims of repression, which in total was about 500 thousands of deportees.

Many of the resettled people were trying to leave the place of their new life that was considered an escape and violation of criminal law. Every three days they had to report to the NKVD on any important events concerning number.

The Main purpose of the relocation was considered to be eternal residence in foreign territory. To execute such a plan, the Soviet government tried to conduct cruel sanctions on violators. If someone tried to escape from the territory of the settlement, he was appointed to twenty years penal servitude.

Assistants of these people were also looking for retribution - imprisonment up to 5 years. The main task of Soviet power was the limitation of repressed desire and attempts to return to their homeland.

According to recent studies, over the entire period of the deportation to Kazakhstan came from one million displaced persons. Already in the mid-50s lived here 2 million strangers.

Why?

Was Held for a few years, the deportation of peoples in the USSR. Photos of those events and to this day represent the stiffness of the authorities. The fate of the people was crippled, and the time was not good. Each of them dreamed of returning home to restore the old order of life. People tried to find his home, his family and their happiness.

deportation of peoples in the Soviet Union historiography

The Soviet Union tried to eliminate not just entire Nations and their lands, languages, cultures and traditions. If a person take all this, then he will become an obedient servant of a totalitarian policy. The deported people had received a severe mental and physical injuries. They were starving and sick, they tried to find their home and peace.

After Stalin's death the situation began to change toward immigrants, a policy of rehabilitation, but to establish the fate of the people was impossible. Their fate and life was permanently warped and ruined.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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