An ideal gas. The ideal gas equation of state. The processes.

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2018-03-18 10:30:44

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An Ideal gas, equation of state of an ideal gas, its temperature and pressure, volume… the list of parameters and definitions and concepts used in the corresponding section of physics, it is possible to continue long enough. Today we will talk just on this topic.

What is seen in molecular physics?

an ideal gas the ideal gas equation of state

The Main object, which is considered in this section is an ideal gas. The ideal gas equation of state was received subject to normal environmental conditions, and we'll talk about that a little later. Now let us approach this “problem”, from afar.

Suppose we have a certain mass of gas. Condition can be defined using three parameters of thermodynamic nature. This, of course, the pressure, volume and temperature. The equation of state of the system in this case is the formula of relations between the relevant parameters. It looks like this: F (p, V, T) = 0.

Here we first gradually approaching the appearance of such a thing as an ideal gas. They are called gas where interactions between molecules are negligible. It is in the nature such does not exist. However, any of the highly tenuous interstellar gas close to it. From the ideal little different nitrogen, oxygen and air under normal conditions. To write the ideal gas equation of state, we can use the combined gas law. Get: pV/T = const.

Related concept # 1: Avogadro's law

He can tell us that if we take the same number of moles of any gas random and put them in the same conditions, including temperature and pressure, the gases will occupy the same volume. In particular, the experiment was conducted under normal conditions. This means that the temperature was equal to 273,15 K, a pressure of one atmosphere (760 mm Hg or 101325 Pascals). With these parameters, the gas occupied a volume equal to 22.4 liters. Therefore, we can say that one mole of any gas is the ratio of the numerical parameters will be constant. That is why it was decided this figure to give the symbol R and call it the universal gas constant. Thus, it is equal to 8,31. The dimension of j/mol*K.

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The Perfect gas. The ideal gas equation of state and manipulation

Let's try to rewrite the formula. For this purpose we write it in this form: pV = RT. Next, take some simple action, we multiply both sides of this equation on an arbitrary number of moles. Get pVu = uRT. Take into account the fact that the product of molar volume amount of substance is simply the volume. But because the number of moles at the same time will be a private mass and molar mass. This is the equation Mendeleev-Clapeyron. It gives a clear notion of which system forms an ideal gas. The ideal gas equation of state takes the form: pV = mRT/M.

We Derive a formula for the pressure

Let's do some manipulation of the resulting expressions. To do this the right part of the equation Mendeleev-Clapeyron multiply and divide by Avogadro's number. Now carefully look at the product of the quantity of the substance by Avogadro number. It is not that other, as the total number of molecules in the gas. But at the same time, the ratio of universal gas constant to Avogadro's number is equal to the Boltzmann constant. Hence the formula for pressure can be recorded thus: p = NkT/V or p = nkT. Here the symbol n is the concentration of particles.

Processes of ideal gas

In molecular physics there is such a thing as processes. This thermodynamic processes that take place in the system when one of the constant parameters. The mass of a substance should remain constant. Let's look at them more specifically. Thus, the ideal gas law.

The Constant is the pressure

ideal gas law

This is the law of Gay-Lussac. It looks like this: V/T = const. It can be rewritten and differently: V = Vo (1+at). Here a is equal to 1/273,15 K^-1 and is called the "coefficient of volume expansion". We can substitute the temperature in Celsius scale and the Kelvin scale. In the latter case, we obtain the formula V = Voat.

The Constant is the volume

temperature of ideal gas

This is the second law of Gay-Lussac, more often called the law of Charles. It looks like this: p/T = const. There is another formulation: p = po (1 + at). Conversion can be carried out in accordance with the previous example. As you can see, the ideal gas law are sometimes quite similar to each other.

Constant remains temperature

 ideal gas processes

If the temperature of an ideal gas remains constant, we can obtain the law of Boyle. It can be written thus: pV = const.

Related concept No. 2: partial pressure

Suppose we have a container of gas. It will be a mix. The system is in a state of thermal equilibrium between gases and do not react. Here N will denote the total number of molecules. N1, N2 and so on, respectively, the number of molecules in each of the components of the mixture available. Take the formula pressure p = nkT = NkT/V. It can be opened for a particular case. For the two-component mixture of the formula takes the form: p = (N1 + N2) kT/V. But then it turns out that the total pressure will be added from private pressures of each mixture. So, it will be of the form p1 + p2, and so on. This will be the partial pressure.

What is it?

The Obtained formula indicates that the pressure in the system is the part of each group of molecules. It is, by the way, not depend on others. This took Dalton in the formulation of the law, later named in his honour: in mixtures where gases do not react with each other chemically, the total pressure will be equal to the sum of partial pressures.

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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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