How many cases in English: features, rules, and examples

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2018-03-25 04:54:16

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The Question of how many cases in the English language used in writing and speaking, occurs more often in those who are seriously engaged in the study of this subject. Now a necessity to speak a foreign language. And to wield it at a high level only in the case that a thorough study of the grammatical peculiarities of the language. Here we need information about how many cases have nouns in the English language, how to form and when they should be applied. This is what we are going to talk about in this article.

The Concept of cases

how many cases in the English language

For starters, let's see, what are the nouns in the English language. Table, usage examples and translations will not give us a complete understanding of the topic, as everything is taken short, concise and designed for the experienced user. Need to carefully examine each case separately and understand the similarity and contrast of cases in Russian language. This is necessary to facilitate absorption of the material. So, in English, there are two cases:

  1. The General Case with the Common Case.
  2. Case possessive translated as Possessive Case.

What is the case itself? It's a grammatical trick which helps to Express the relation of the noun to other words in a sentence. Originally, in ancient English, there were several cases similar to russkimi:

  • Imentally;
  • Roditelniy;
  • Dalny;
  • Viditelny;
  • Torially.

But over time, changes in linguistics a large part of the case fell away, leaving only two. We are dealing with till this time. It can not but rejoice language learners, as it has significantly facilitated the understanding and use of words in a sentence.

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General case

how many cases have nouns in the English language

Discussing the topic about how many nouns in the English language, it is appropriate to start with the General case. This grammatical nuance is not reflected on the form of words, the value of it is so vague that words can be used in different situations and contexts. The common case has two options to use:

  1. As an actor, mostly performing the function of subject in the sentence: The frog jumps high. He swims fast.
  2. As the object of the action, acting as the recipient. the I gave it to the man. He called us at 4.

It is worth noting that the noun this distinction has no effect. It was like in its form, and will be in the same form. But with pronouns the situation is different. On what function they perform, are they object or subject depends on their shape. We will also see this clearly in the examples in the table.

The Subject

The Object

I

I bought a car. I bought the car.

Me

He gave me a book. He gave me a book.

He

He bought a car. He bought a car.

Him.

He gave him a book. He gave him the book.

She

She bought a car. She bought a car.

Her.

He gave her a book. He gave her the book.

It

It bought a car. It (the company) bought a car.

It

He gave it a book. He gave him the book.

We

We bought a car. We bought a car.

Us

He gave us a book. He gave NAMM a book.

They are

They bought a car. They bought a car.

Them.

He gave them a book. He gave them the book.

You

You bought a car. You (you) bought the car.

You

He gave you a book. He gave you (to you) the book.

These simple examples show the difference in the form of pronouns. As for nouns, their form does not change. The meaning of the word and its relationship to other words in a sentence we define the place in the word order. This factor makes English one of the easiest to learn. In addition to the established order of words as prepositions, which help to understand the role the sentence plays a particular noun.

how many cases in the English language, the number

Example:

  • They made it with a knife. They did it with a knife. With the Preposition helps to determine the function of the words “knife”.
  • He goes to school. He goes to school. An Excuse to also helps to correctly interpret the use of the word “school”.

Possessive

Next to mention, how many cases in the English language, we come to the second case – possessive. Already from the name it becomes clear which question he says: whose? whose? whose? whose? To indicate that pronouns are special possessive forms:

Personal pronoun

Possessive

Pronoun

Example

I

My

John kissed my hand. John kissed my hand.

He

His

I saw his mother. Я увидел его маму.

She

Her

He made her phone. Он сделал ее телефон.

It

Its

We looked at its window. Мы посмотрели на его (завода) окно.

We

Our

Our city is big. Наш город – большой.

You

Your

This is your school. Это – твоя школа.

They

Their

All their toys are broken. Все их игрушки сломаны.

Так обстоят дела, если речь идет о местоимениях. Другая картина у имен существительных. Здесь существует два варианта выражения данного падежа:

  1. Использование апострофа и окончания -s.
  2. Применение предлога of.

Если существительное одушевленное, то здесь применяется первый вариант. Например, мамина сумка – mother’s bag, книга брата – brother’s book и т. д. При этом именно апостроф показывает, что и кому принадлежит. Если же существительное не живое, то использовать первый вариант некорректно, и на помощь приходит предлог, например: The door of the room – дверь комнаты, the part of the story – часть истории и т. д.

Особенности падежа

Продолжая обсуждать, сколько падежей в английском языке, мы не должны забывать об особенностях и исключениях, которыми так славится английский язык. Итак, есть несколько нюансов, о которых нужно помнить:

  • если слово состоит из двух и более частей, то притяжательное окончание будет добавляться только к последней: Passer-by’s ticket – билет прохожего;
  • если данная форма относится не к одному, а к нескольким словам, то окончание будет также добавляться в конце фразы: Father and mother’s room – комната мамы и папы;
  • если существительное стоит во множественном числе, к нему добавляется только апостроф: Sisters’ dinner – обед сестер.

Исключения

падежи в английском языке таблица примеры

Есть ряд неодушевленных слов, к которым возможно применить притяжательное окончание -s:

  • меры времени и расстояния: Today’s bus – сегодняшний автобус;
  • города, страны: Russian’s industry - промышленность России;
  • газеты, организации: OBSCE’s car – машина ОБСЕ;
  • слова: Nation, country, city, town, ship, car, boat, nature, water, ocean;
  • месяца, времена года: Winter’s weather – зимняя погода;
  • планеты: Jupiter’s light – свет Юпитера;
  • сложившиеся фразы.

Говоря о том, сколько падежей в английском языке, число исключений тоже следует учесть. Это самый важный момент. Ведь все знают: не так важно выучить правило, как его исключения.

Применение предлогов

английские падежи на практике

Также английские падежи на практике помогают выражать предлоги. Есть несколько самых популярных предлогов, которые передают значение дательного и творительного падежей.

  • Предлог to. Показывает направление действия и передает дательный падеж: She goes to Mike. Она ходит к Майку.
  • Предлог with. Используется для того, чтобы показать применение некоего предмета или инструмента, и передает творительный падеж: She was killed with a knife. Она была убита ножом.
  • Предлог by. Указывает на то, кем или чем совершается действие: They saw a bag carried by a man. Они увидели сумку, которую нес мужчина.

Как видите, с помощью таких нехитрых уловок грамматике английского языка удается передавать всю необходимую информацию как в письменном, так и в устном виде.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://www.tostpost.com/ar/education/4204-how-many-cases-in-english-features-rules-and-examples.html

BE: https://www.tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/7446-kol-k-sklona-u-angl-yskay-move-asabl-vasc-prav-ly-pryklady.html

DE: https://www.tostpost.com/de/bildung/7447-wie-viele-f-lle-in-englischer-sprache-besonderheiten-regeln-und-beispi.html

ES: https://www.tostpost.com/es/la-educaci-n/7452-cu-ntos-casos-en-ingl-s-caracter-sticas-reglas-y-ejemplos.html

HI: https://www.tostpost.com/hi/education/4207-how-many-cases-in-english-features-rules-and-examples.html

JA: https://www.tostpost.com/ja/education/4205-how-many-cases-in-english-features-rules-and-examples.html

KK: https://www.tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/7449-ansha-zha-daylary-a-ylshyn-t-l-nde-erekshel-kter-a-idalary-men-lg-ler.html

PL: https://www.tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/7450-ile-przypadk-w-w-j-zyku-angielskim-cechy-zasady-i-przyk-ady.html

PT: https://www.tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/7446-quanto-padezhey-em-ingl-s-caracter-sticas-regras-e-exemplos.html

TR: https://www.tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/7453-ne-kadar-padezhey-ingilizce-zellikleri-kurallar-ve-rnekleri.html

UK: https://www.tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/7451-sk-l-ki-v-dm-nk-v-v-angl-ys-k-y-mov-osoblivost-pravila-prikladi.html

ZH: https://www.tostpost.com/zh/education/4576-how-many-cases-in-english-features-rules-and-examples.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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