The Kronotsky nature reserve and interesting facts about him. Kronotsky nature biosphere reserve

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2018-03-19 10:25:22

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The Kronotsky nature Reserve was founded in 1934 in the far East. Its width is on average 60 km To 243 km long coastline.

Readers will certainly be interested to find out where the Kronotsky reserve. It is located in the southeastern part of Kamchatka, belongs administratively to the Elizovskiy district, Kamchatka region. In the city of Yelizovo is the management of the reserve.

kronotskiy state reserve description

It is the variety of natural complexes and their appearance a special place among similar areas located in the far East. Description of the Kronotsky biosphere reserve will be presented in this article.

First, a little history. Created the territory began several centuries before the assignment of the official status of the reserve. Long ago, according to eyewitnesses, spread the tradition of nature conservation, mostly Sables, which is a large amount here lived and had the life of the local population of great importance. Originally, in 1882, there was Sabolinski reserve. Then, in 1934, was formed in its place Kronotsky.

The Reserve today is a territory that represents the shape of an irregular polygon. Its area is about 6 thousand km2.

Topography

The area is mountainous, only along the sea coast located valley areas. Kronotsky nature reserve is a natural area at the South-Western boundaries of which are volcanoes, two of which are active (after Hunan and Taunshits). Its conical form and the height it stands out as the extinct Kronotsky (3528 m), which in Kamchatka is second only to Key hill. Kronotsky reserve has many glaciers, which occupy 14 thousand hectares Of them have some pretty impressive size, and other interesting shape. For example, Tyushevsky glacier has a length of 8 km. Geysers and hot springs are located in the lower sections.

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Uzon Caldera

description of Kronotsky biosphere reserve

The Caldera of Uzon volcano is the main attraction of such an object as Kronotsky reserve. It arose from the fact that rocks fell to form a low annular frame. There is a large number of cold and warm lakes. The largest of these are: cold Central and warm Fumarole. Rocky and steep inner slopes of the Caldera. External, opposite, labor. They move in a vast plateau. Powerful griffins are located in the Central part of the Caldera as well as crater filled with hot water and mud pots (for example, a Sculptor who every 3 seconds "sculpts" formations resembling roses). All this - unique natural sites of Kronotsky reserve.

Valley of Geysers

unique natural sites of Kronotsky reserve

Striking the Kamchatka Valley of Geysers mystery and beauty. Particularly impressive is the sound of water and many rivers and key with numerous colorful algae, the color of which varies from black to orange and green. Its beauty is impressive falls R. Noisy. Its waters fall from a height of 80 meters. Today in the valley of the river hot spring, located 22 active geyser. They all have there own cycle of activity and name. Fountain (the name of the geyser) is good because it every 17 minutes, erupts. But the Giant, the head of the geysers, makes his "performance" to wait up to five hours. The largest in Kamchatka is the Giant. Kronotsky reserve - the location of Intermittent, Horizontal geyser, Pink cone, a New Fountain, Fountain, Double, Pearl, and such hot springs, as a Soaring, malachite Grotto and others.

The Man who came to the Valley of Geysers for the first time, staggering the fantastic nature of what he saw. You should visit if only for the sight of the Kronotsky state reserve. Description of the Valley of Geysers is difficult to convey in words. Her world is so unreal that it seems like you are on another planet. There is paint that is completely not peculiar to the landscapes of the Earth, amid the green of the mountain pine, and trees, violet, red, brown, burnt clay earth. To limit saturated air sulphurous smells and steam. All around bubbling, hissing and bubbling! Small and large boilers, volcanoes under the feet of boiling clay and earth. It is impossible to go a single step from the trail - scald. From cracks and crevices steam rises, which "shoot" small geysers.

Show a positive role of volcanic processes in the temperature of the water bodies that attract in the winter is not only shorebirds and waterfowl, but also bears, and bighorn sheep. At the same time due to poisoning of volcanic gases killed a significant number of mammals and birds inhabiting Kronotsky reserve. For example, in the Valley of death often find dead animals. They attract scavengers to large predators. However, to get out these animals is not possible.

Bodies of water in the reserve

Kronotsky preserve

More than 800 bodies of water there are in the reserve. They account for about 3% of the total protected area. The river Old Semyachik, which flows in the southern part of the reserve. The major rivers are Bohachivka and Kronika. The length of the latter is 39 kilometers. It follows from Kronotsky lake and forms many Islands and oxbow lakes. Bohachivka extent superior to her. Its length is 72 km, and the depth does not exceed 1.2-1.5 meters. This river has a typically mountainous character. It is rapid, it cuts in the upper reaches of the steep slopes, the winter freeze to the bottom.

Many lakes located on the territory of the reserve. The deep - kronotskoe. It resembles in outline an isosceles triangle.

Climate

This Area belongs to the Pacific coast of Chukotka climatic area. Climate is formed under the influence of the Pacific ocean. Its formation is also influenced by the mountainous relief of the territory. Summer in sanctuary is cool and damp, with thick fogs and frequent drizzling rains, and with South light winds. Autumn here is warm and dry weather with plenty of sun. However, in November the winter starts. It is characterized by cold strong winds, sometimes reaching hurricane force, and snow. Under the influence of warm weather in spring starts the avalanche. This is particularly true in narrow valleys of mountain rivers and steep slopes.

Soils

In the reserve of the soil was influenced by activities of volcanoes. Constant rejuvenation of the soil contributes to the penetration into it of ashes. Due to this, it is also saturated with minerals. These soils have a high permeability and a loose add, which is very favorable for the growth of various plants.

Types of plants on the reserve

600 species of vascular plants discovered in the reserve, as well as 113 species of lichen. Rare is depositum Sitka, lichen found on the rocks. In the reserve there are 85 species of mosses, and 6 pteridophytes. Among them one can find such rare species as growing in wet meadows the marsh thelypteris, in the Valley of Geysers - Kostenets cut, the rocks of the Pacific coast - Kostenets green, as well as the cryptogram written, growing on rocky areas.

Dwarf Pine forms thickets on a wide area. Seats in the reserve you can meet the graceful fir and spruce Ayan. The latter reaches 25 meters in height, and its age may be up to 300 years. It is also interesting shade tolerance. The graceful fir can be found on the South-Eastern areas. It is a decorative plant with beautiful cone-shaped crown.

Kronotsky state natural biosphere reserve

Medicinal plants flowers

The reserve of medicinal plants were found: Boskovic felt having a resinous odor, and nettle planifolia. In the conditions area is also known for growing Rhodiola rosea, which is also called Golden root. Rue Thunberg, rare species, grows in the stone birch forests. Here is a woody vine, covered with azure-blue and purple flowers. Wetlands and waters found reltively marigold floating. Goldthread trifoliate with white flowers and dark green leaves it inhabits mossy marshes. Bright flowers on different parts of the mountain tundra, pebbles, rocks, rock streams, peat bogs and swamps are allocated poppy plants. Blooming on the open slopes carnation-grass. Numerous on the reserve Heather plants that stand out for their vivid colors in various parts of the world. Also common 4 kinds of violets, colors from white to blue. Can be found in berry plants blueberry and bog cranberry, cowberry small and ordinary.

Only one species among the willow trees reaches a height of 25 meters. This willow Sakhalin. The other trees are shrubs.

Stands out in the tall Angelica bear, which reaches a height of 2-3 meters. Milestones poisonous plant growing right in the water.

Representatives of the Liliaceae are characterized by a special beauty. Meet in the reserve Lily black-purple, purple-red and bright white. Here you can also find decorative plants...


Article in other languages:

BE: https://www.tostpost.com/be/nav-ny-gramadstva/11054-zapavedn-k-kronockiy-c-kavyya-fakty-pra-yago-kronockiy-pryrodny-b-yasf.html

DE: https://www.tostpost.com/de/news-und-gesellschaft/11058-reserve-kronockiy-und-interessante-fakten-ber-sie-kronockiy-nat-rliche.html

ES: https://www.tostpost.com/es/noticias-y-sociedad/11063-reserva-kronockiy-y-los-hechos-interesantes-acerca-de-l-kronockiy-natu.html

KK: https://www.tostpost.com/kk/zha-aly-tar-o-am/11054-ory-kronockiy-zh-ne-yzy-ty-fakt-ler-turaly-o-an-kronockiy-tabi-i-biosf.html

PL: https://www.tostpost.com/pl/aktualno-ci-i-spo-ecze-stwo/11050-rezerwat-kronockiy-i-ciekawe-fakty-o-nim-kronockiy-naturalny-rezerwat-.html

PT: https://www.tostpost.com/pt/not-cias-e-sociedade/11046-reserva-kronockiy-e-fatos-interessantes-sobre-ele-kronockiy-natural-re.html

TR: https://www.tostpost.com/tr/haber-ve-toplum/11060-do-a-kronockiy-ve-hakk-nda-ilgin-ger-ekler-kronockiy-do-al-biyosfer-re.html

UK: https://www.tostpost.com/uk/novini-ta-susp-l-stvo/11055-kronoc-kiy-zapov-dnik-c-kav-fakti-pro-n-ogo-kronoc-kiy-prirodniy-b-osf.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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