The Philosophy Of Berdyaev

N..Berdyaev (1874-1948) was a native of noble family. While studying at Kiev University he began attending the circle of social Democrats and became interested in the ideas of Marxism. Already in this period that he became interested in questions of philosophy, and read Hegel, Kant, Schelling, Marx, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Tolstoy. Gradually formed its own philosophy of Berdyaev, the center of which was a religious idealist philosophy. He eventually became one of the most consistent critics of materialism and Marxism.

His Outlook was formed while working on the journals "Questions of life" and "New way". He became the founder of the religious-philosophical society, called "the memory of Vladimir Soloviev." In 1911 he published his first work. "The philosophy of freedom," Berdyaev marked the end of his quest to justify the philosophy of "neochristian" and the definition of "new religious consciousness". In 1916 appeared his next work, "the Meaning of creativity", which recognized his ideas.

The First world war significantly influenced the attitude of the philosopher who embraced it as the end of the humanistic human history. The historical force, which was able to carry out the mission of Christian reunification of mankind, he saw in Russia. He therefore warmly welcomed the February revolution, and sharply negatively apprehended October. Bolshevik socialism in his work "the Philosophy of inequality" he called "forced brotherhood".

Berdyaev has created a Free Academy of spiritual culture. The rejection of the Bolshevik ideology has caused the close attention of the authorities, he was arrested twice, in 1922 – sent abroad on "philosophical steamer".

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The Main works in which the individual expressed the philosophy of Berdyaev, was created in the period of exile (first in Berlin, then the French city Klamar). Its main works - "Philosophy of the free spirit", "Sense of creativity", "On slavery and freedom of man", "the Spirit and reality, the spirit Realm and the Kingdom of Caesar", "the Experience of eschatological metaphysics".

The Center of his philosophical reflection-the theme of man. Berdyaev's philosophy was based on the postulate of freedom of creativity and personality. His teaching is referred to the movements of existentialism and personalism.

Berdyaev believed that the human nature of loneliness, insecurity and abandonment issues that are rooted in the social environment, enslaving personality that enjoys anguish of everyday life. From the oppressive fear of man is able to release only the philosophy, which is a breakthrough of senseless, violence in the personality of the world (work ‘I and the world of objects», which soon wrote Berdyaev).

The Philosophy of freedom in his work was revealed in many works, among which "Self-knowledge". His teaching was intended to help to take a person active life and creative position, overcoming thus the imperfection of existence.

Its Three main ideas – the idea of "universal Christianity," the idea of freedom and the apology for creativity. Overall, his views paradossale inherent sense of crisis of life and romantic at the same time confidence in the victory of the ideal.

As a religious thinker Berdyaev created the original cosmogonic view of the world. Before Genesis there was a deep (irrational condition of freedom). That is, the freedom was preceded by anything, even God, who were born later and created the world and people. God poured out the spirit, breathe them in person. So the world has two bases: the spirit and freedom. These grounds are combined in man, and contradict each other. The spirit is primary in relation to the material world, and is more significant for a person. It involves the mind and consciousness of people.

The Philosophy of Berdyaev proposed the ideal of freedom society, which he called the "personalistic socialism", which meant the primacy of the individual over society. But this community of people can achieve in society, but only to God (“unity”). Therefore, the meaning of history of mankind is the dispensation of the Kingdom of God. Earthly story end, but it's not a disaster, and the overcoming of hostility, anonymity and objectification.