Crater - what is it?

Volcanoes – majestic and powerful creatures of nature. They are active and inactive, exist since the beginning of time and to this day, as if forcing humanity “listening” to the changes occurring inside the Earth. After all, did not have time in world history the entire city was buried under volcanic ash and magma, and civilizations are doomed to destruction! Every volcano has its crater. A depression in the form of a funnel, which is located on the top or slope.

The Origin and structure

The word comes from the Greek “a Cup, a vessel for mixing wine and water”. By analogy, education is like a bowl or funnel. It is through the eruption of magma from inside the volcano. Krater – a natural formation having a diameter from several meters to several kilometers. The appointment of it – withdrawal of magma. In the temporarily dormant volcano crater – this is a kind of outlet for the withdrawal of accumulated in the bowels of gaseous mixtures. The education supplied by a special ducts leading to the middle and down the volcano, allowing free eruption. In “dead” volcanoes ducts sometimes “thorns” and the crater becomes more decorative formation, sometimes used by people in ritual and other purposes.

The moon

With the ability of mankind to explore the moon with the help of powerful telescopes, has carried out the dream a little closer to examine it. It turned out that there are also craters. Lunar crater – it is, in fact, circular mountain. This Cup-shaped recess has a relatively flat bottom and surrounded by a ring-shaped shaft. According to modern science, almost all the lunar craters are of “shock” the origin. That is, they were formed as a result of mechanical impact on the surface of the moon meteorites that have fallen, mainly in distant times. Only a small portion of the craters of the satellite until now, some scientists considered to be of volcanic origin.

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A Little history

It is Known that Galileo first discovered lunar education with the help of telescope (small, about a threefold increase). He also gave the phenomenon the name – crater. This definition remained in scientific use today. But opinions of scientists about the origin of craters drastically changed from the impact of cosmic ice and volcanic formation to the “shock”. Modern science with the precision defines the latter as the method of origin of the vast majority of craters on the moon. By the way, such education is discovered on other planets of our system, like Mars.