Methods of determination of the horizon on the ground

One of the most important skills for those who love to travel or just rest, is the orientation of the terrain. In this article we will discuss the main methods of determination of the horizon.

With this information you will not get lost even under the most difficult conditions. The main condition-the presence of the card. Otherwise you'll have to be guided by logic and assumptions. However, to determine its location you can easily.

Compass

To Study the methods of determining of the horizon we'll start with the easy and obvious. Using a compass can be elementary to find out where the North is. Only have a few prerequisites. What you need to know that you have not failed this device?

First, you can define the light only when the compass is horizontal, fixed position, and the arrow ceased to fluctuate.

Secondly, within a radius of fifty meters around you should not be power lines, railroad tracks, transformers and other sources of electromagnetic or magnetic radiation. Otherwise, the compass will deviate from the right course or the arrow will start spinning and to behave.

How to use this device?

The Most common two army compass – Andrianov and artillery, as well as sports variety. The only difference is the price level and availability of certain scales.

In any device on top of the lid, is a special sight to spot a landmark. Now, hold the compass horizontally, wait until the needle stop. Dark end will point North. Now turn the reticle so that it's vector, as indicated by the arrow. Now the light should be simple. If you look to the North, South is behind, East is right and West is left.

Hours

The Determination of the horizon by the hour – is one of the most interesting, unusual and effective ways. It requires a mechanical clock with hands. Electronic will not work.

This method is a bit similar to the determination of the horizon by the sun, because without the lights we can not do. There are some peculiarities in this method of orientation to districts?

First, there are different variants of the location in the morning and in the afternoon. Break time is one hour in the afternoon (13:00).

Secondly, the clock needs to go for sure.

So, the disposable unit so that the arrow that shows the clock (often thicker and shorter than the rest), looking at the sun. Next, you need to draw an imaginary angle, which will connect the center of the dial, two lines. One will coincide with the hour hand and the second will pass through the figure of “one”.

After that, divide the angle in half imaginary straight line. The front will be South, it will point the median line.

The Feature is as follows. To PM we the arc measured from the arrows showing the clock. That is the way that she still needs to pass until 13:00. And after that time, draw an imaginary arc in a counterclockwise direction. Therefore, now we are measuring the path that it has already passed after an hour in the afternoon.

To Better understand this method of orientation on the terrain will help you figure located above.

Needle

According to many tourists, following the determination of the location of the horizon is most unusual. In addition, it requires additional equipment and skills. From the side it looks more like a circus trick. So, what do we need?

1. Metal needle for sewing. It will become an arrow in our makeshift compass.
2. Something that will give the needle the properties of buoyancy. This can be a vegetable oil (they liberally lubricated metal rod or drips on the surface of the water), a small piece of cork or foam. The main condition-needle should float in a horizontal position.
3. Metal core must be magnetized. This can be done with a magnet, a piece of wool or some other improvised means. For example, in the case of needle a good choice would be the ordinary scissors. All you need to do is to flip them end-like you're trying to cut the needle in half. From the quick friction of metal on metal, the terminal will start magnets.
4. Capacity of water. It may be some kind of packaging or, for example, an indentation in wood or stone, filled with stagnant water.

The Main part of the horizon (in the presence of all the aforementioned subjects) are determined by elementary. Well magnetized needle that floats on the water surface, under the action of magnetic field of the planet will turn on the line "South-North".

The Only disadvantage - it is not clear which side. It will have to define additional methods.

But to be safe, this method is perfect. In addition, it is very significant for children's learning orientation on the ground and explanation of the principles of magnetic fields.

Heavenly bodies

The Sun for one hour the sky is the angle at fifteen degrees. People always focus on it. But for more precise directions, you should know some features.

Summer Sun in the Northern hemisphere moves along the South side of the sky. So it is not in the East and North-East. Sets, respectively, in the North-West.

In Winter the same picture, only from the North side. In spring and autumn the light rises and sets in the East and the West.

The Second feature, which is based on the determination of the horizon by the sun, is the length of the shadow. In principle, the shortest shadow is about an hour in the afternoon. She points to the North, if the subject is stationary and in the upright position.

For a more accurate understanding of the location you should use other ways to determine the horizon. For example, the mechanical clock, which was described above.

At Night when no lights to navigate easier on the Polar star. This is part of the constellation URSA Minor. As they say astronomers, it is located near the axis of the North pole of the world and almost motionless, in contrast to the rest of the stars. Because it is very easy to determine where North is.

How do you find this star? First you need to detect on the horizon the Big dipper. This constellation looks like a big bucket with a handle. Depending on the time of day, it can be positioned vertically, horizontally or at an angle.

Now you need to mentally continue the line, which connects the two stars forming the front wall of the dipper (opposite the handle). If it extended to a distance five times greater than the length of the segment, you run into the North star.

It is obvious how to do it, on the left.

Buildings

The Main part of the horizon is very easily determined near the buildings of the sacred values.

It may be the Orthodox churches or Catholic cathedrals, chapels, mosques, synagogues. Each of these buildings are constructed according to its strict laws.

If the next Orthodox Church, Cathedral or temple, you need to look at the lower crossbar. According to legend, there were the feet of Christ. It sloped diagonally. The top edge is aimed towards the North.

The Altars in Catholic churches are located in the West, and in the Lutheran and Orthodox churches – in the East.

There are other local features definition of the horizon. So, the entrance of mosques and synagogues situated in the Northern part of the building. According to these religions, entered the building a man must face Mecca or Jerusalem, respectively.

In East Asian Buddhist buildings usually look the facades to the South. The Yurt indigenous peoples of Siberia also have an entrance from this side of the world.

In the forests traditionally made clearing. Usually they cut or East to West or from North to South.

Natural features

It has Long been known many methods for determining of the horizon. To do this, people used observations of trees, animal behavior and other features of the environment.

For Example, in connection with an abundance of light and heat in the summer on the South side of berries and fruits Mature faster and have a richer color on the side facing this way. On svejesobranna trees on the South side of the ring wider than the North. This is due to the same abundance of sunlight and heat.

There are other signs of the definition of the horizon. Nests on the North side is more steep, and on the South-sloping. It is also believed that icicles often form on the South side of the roof.

If there are pine trees on them fairly easily determined South. That side their trunks are lighter, rougher bark. And it will be a lot more tar stains, than on the North side of the tree. The grass is greener in the summer in the South, and yellow earlier than in the North.

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