Formula of cellulose. Chemical physical properties. Preparation, application

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2019-01-25 08:00:32

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Familiar to us the everyday objects that are ubiquitous in our daily life, it would be impossible to imagine without the use of products of organic chemistry. Long before chemical experiments Anselm Paya, which he was able to detect and to describe in 1838 a polysaccharide, which received the name "cellulose" (a derivative of the French cellulose, and Latin cellula, which means “cage, barn”), the property of this substance was used extensively in the manufacture of the most indispensable items.

Increased knowledge of the pulp resulted in a wide variety of things made based on it. Different paper grades, cardboard, plastic parts and made of artificial fibres (acetate, viscose rayon, copper-ammonia), plastic film, enamels and lacquers, detergents, food additives (E460), and even smokeless powder are by-products of production and processing of pulp.

Pure cellulose is a white solid with a rather attractive properties, has excellent resistance to various chemical and physical influences.

Nature has chosen the cellulose (fiber) as its main building material. In the plant world it is the basis of cell walls in trees and other higher plants. In its purest form in nature, cellulose is in the seed hairs of the cotton plant.

The Unique properties of this substance are determined by its original structure. Formula pulp has a total record of (C6 H10 O5)n from which we see the pronounced polymer structure. Repeating many times the rest of β-glucoside, having a more detailed view of how –[C6 H7 O2 (OH)3] -, is connected in a long linear molecule.

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The Molecular formula of cellulose determines its unique chemical properties to withstand exposure to corrosive environments. Also cellulose has a high resistance to heat, even at 200 degrees Celsius, the material retains its structure and is not destroyed. Ignition occurs at a temperature of 420°C.

No less attractive cellulose with their physical properties. Structural formula of cellulose in the form of long filaments that contain from 300 to 10,000 glucose residues, having side branches, largely determines the high stability of this substance. Formula of glucose shows how many hydrogen bonds betray cellulose fibres are not only great mechanical strength and high elasticity. The result of analytical processing of many chemical experiments and research was the creation of a model of the macromolecule of cellulose. It is a tight spiral with a pitch of 2-3 elementary level, which is stabilized through intramolecular hydrogen bonds.

Not a formula of cellulose, and its degree of polymerization is the main characteristic for many substances. So in raw cotton number of residues glucosidic reaches 2500-3000, in the cleaned cotton – from 900 to 1000, the treated pulp has increased 800-1000, regenerative cellulose reduced to 200-400, and an industrial cellulose acetate is from 150 to 270 “links” in the molecule.

Product of cellulose is plant material, mainly wood. The basic manufacturing process involves cooking of wood chips with different chemical reagents, followed by purification, drying and cutting the finished product.

The Subsequent treatment of the pulp provides the opportunity to obtain a variety of materials with specified physical and chemical properties that allow it to produce a variety of products without which modern life is hard to imagine. The unique formula of cellulose, adjusted chemical and physical processing, became the basis for materials that have no analogues in nature, which allowed their widespread use in chemical industry, medicine and other fields of human activity.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://www.tostpost.com/ar/education/14719-formula-of-cellulose-chemical-physical-properties-preparation-applicat.html

BE: https://www.tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/25538-formula-celyulozy-h-m-chnyya-f-z-chnyya-lasc-vasc-atrymanne-prymyanenn.html

DE: https://www.tostpost.com/de/bildung/25256-die-formel-der-cellulose-chemische-physikalische-eigenschaften-gewinnu.html

ES: https://www.tostpost.com/es/la-educaci-n/25150-la-f-rmula-de-la-celulosa-qu-micas-propiedades-f-sicas-la-obtenci-n-el.html

HI: https://www.tostpost.com/hi/education/14477-formula-of-cellulose-chemical-physical-properties-preparation-applicat.html

JA: https://www.tostpost.com/ja/education/14448-formula-of-cellulose-chemical-physical-properties-preparation-applicat.html

KK: https://www.tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/25791-formulasy-cellyuloza-himiyaly-fizikaly-asietter-alu-oldanu.html

PL: https://www.tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/26788-formu-a-celulozy-chemiczne-i-fizyczne-w-a-ciwo-ci-otrzymywanie-zastoso.html

PT: https://www.tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/26528-a-f-rmula-da-celulose-qu-micas-e-propriedades-f-sicas-a-obten-o-a-apli.html

TR: https://www.tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/25768-form-l-hamuru-kimyasal-ve-fiziksel-zellikleri-alma-uygulama.html

UK: https://www.tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/26067-formula-celyulozi-h-m-chn-f-zichn-vlastivost-otrimannya-zastosuvannya.html

ZH: https://www.tostpost.com/zh/education/9936-formula-of-cellulose-chemical-physical-properties-preparation-applicat.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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