Features of accounting in trade

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2020-07-03 01:26:07

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Accounting in the commercial organizations is in accordance with the law “On accounting", which requires the establishment of common standards of its organization and management. However, there are features of accounting in trade, due to the specifics of the industry of the economic mechanism.

Accounting – a system of accumulation, recording, classifying and summarizing information about the property, expressed in monetary form, that is based on constant record keeping. The presence of the law helps to ensure harmonization of these activities in the whole country.

The act contains the General objectives of accounting:

  • The formation of information about the work of the company and its position;
  • Provision of data used in the organization of control over observance of economic legislation of the Russian Federation;
  • Prevention of negative consequences of activity of the enterprises and search of internal reserves.

These tasks are generic and are faced by all business entities, regardless of industry sector. However, each type of business includes a lot of characteristics, determined by factors such as internal character and external circumstances. Trade, as a kind of managing, also has the features of accounting. In the trade, first of all, note that it is a enterprise, which is directly related to the operations of purchase and sale and the services it intended to provide to consumers of commercial products.

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There are two types of trading, it is wholesale and retail. This classification significantly affects the features of accounting in trade. For example, depending on which type prevails in a particular enterprise greatly depend on technology inventory, the accounting and management of the stored product, the procedure of its registration and delivery to consumers.

The Management of the enterprise, which is engaged in trading activities, is impossible without qualitative statement of the accounting which shall be organized in accordance with all standards and regulations.

The Main features of accounting in trade are as follows:

  • Uniformity assessment procedures in all transactions, supply chain acquisition of goods to its implementation;
  • Choice of appropriate method of estimation (methods of cost, FIFO, LIFO) of goods in the process of their write-off;
  • The need to establish a way of reflection in the accounting of the acquired commercial products;
  • Guaranteed accuracy of accounting information and reporting that is ensured by conducting regular inventories;
  • Development of templates of accounting documents, if any, are not provided with standard samples;
  • Develop internal procedures and document management system;
  • The development of techniques of control of entrepreneurial activity, which take into account peculiarities of accounting in trade.

Shows economic practice, the implementation of these methods and rules of accounting can greatly increase the efficiency of trade enterprises.

One of the main documents of the accounting system in the trade is the book of income and expenditure, which should lead, apart from state trading companies, and other entities, including SP, which is for tax use the simplified system.

The Main requirements for management in this document are:

  • Open a new workbook for each new accounting period;
  • The possibility of doing the book in the traditionally – hard copy and in electronic form;
  • Book must prochlorophytes and numbered, on the last page it must be signed by the head of the enterprise;
  • Bug fixes should be justified and certified by the signature of official with date and a certified repair company seal.

The responsibility for the proper maintenance of the document rests with the CEO and chief accountant.


Article in other languages:

ZH: https://www.tostpost.com/zh/business/47177-features-of-accounting-in-trade.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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