Types of gas masks and the history of their creation

In 1915, of human practice added a new terrible episode: army of one of the belligerents of the first to use weapons of mass destruction. Under the city of Ypres on the position of the French troops the Germans sent a jet of chlorine - and thousands of soldiers died in a short time.

The Fact that this crime will not go unpunished, it became clear very soon, and a retaliatory gas attack not long in coming. Soon, however, the scientists of the countries of the Entente and the allied Austro-Hungarian States realized the obvious fact that poisoning people is much easier than to save, and the more to cure.

Russia was not the initiator of the application of agents, but in our country it was invented the gas mask. As a true scientist Nikolay Zelinsky tested the device on himself, he spent a few minutes in the room filled with a mixture of chlorine and phosgene (military the most common poisons of the time), and released unharmed.

Types of gas masks during the First world war were diverse. They were all replicas of the invention Zelinsky and differ only in the form of mask, country of origin and name. Reliable protection is provided in case if there lag with the donning and the rubber and metal box was not damaged.

In anticipation of a new world war were almost all of the twentieth and the thirtieth years of the XX century. The USSR conducted regular exercises of civil defense to prepare not only red Army soldiers, but also industrial workers and also the civilian population. There are new types of filtering gas masks, they were intended for adults, children, horses (the main draft animals and cavalry), and even dogs, whose role in the coming war was still unclear.

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The Entire Second world German soldiers regularly dragged cylindrical corrugated boxes with gas masks, but they did not need, Germany was defeated without toxic substances. The Nazis also did not dare to use them, knowing about their considerable stocks from their enemies.

But after the victory began a new war, cold, and in its course there are such poisons, against which the filters were powerless. Molecule S (often binary, that is, becoming deadly after the merger of two relatively harmless components) become smaller, the activated carbon is stopped to let them pass. In response, invented new types of gas masks, primarily isolating. The latter are practically the element of space or underwater suit with an oxygen source and a complete sealing of the internal space.

But not only the threat of war stimulated the development of PPE. The twentieth century became the era of large-scale man-made threats. Work in hazardous enterprises of the rapidly developing chemical industry, production of radioactive and nuclear reactors required new measures to ensure safety. Appeared types of masks cannot be used on the battlefield, but quite effective in a peaceful environment.

For Example, a worker performing the cleaning or repair of the container in which it is impossible to breathe with the mask on, supplied by a long hose, which is fed into the clean air.

In other cases, depending on the nature of pollution, can be used in conventional respirators that protect against dust dispersion. In fact, it is also, albeit very simplified and cheapened, but the gas masks. Types and purpose of the remedies are more varied and versatile devices used by the military, too expensive to produce for civilian purposes.

To Distinguish types of gas masks for external contours is easy. Unlike filtering, with interchangeable box of relatively small size mounted either directly to the mask or connected with it by a crimped hose, the sealing is provided with a very roomy tank with compressed oxygen. The use of the latter requires serious preparation, the construction is complicated by the reducer with valve and cylinder with absorber of carbon dioxide. In addition, SCBA is pointless to apply without full body protection, which provides a watertight suit made of special rubber. Modern poisons and penetrate through the skin.