Sedimentary rocks

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2018-04-02 12:43:10

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About 75% of the earth's surface is covered by sedimentary rocks. This category includes more than half of the minerals extracted from the bowels of the planet. They are mainly concentrated on the continents, the continental shelf and continental slope, and only about 15% is at the bottom of the oceans.

Sedimentary rocks are formed by the redeposition of weathering products and deposition of a substance predominately in the aquatic environment (less land), and in the process of activity of glaciers. Deposition can occur in different ways. Depending on its nature, there are different groups of sedimentary rocks:

- loose – are the result of predominantly physical weathering, transport and subsequent redeposition of the material;

- colloid-sedimentary-formed by the chemical decomposition accompanied by the formation of colloidal solutions;

- chemogenic – are formed by precipitation from aqueous solutions as a result of chemical reactions or caused by a glut of solutions;

biochemical – a result of chemical reactions taking place with participation of living organisms;

- biogenic, or organic - the result of organisms.

Often combining features of different groups of sedimentary rocks. The classification above and refer them to any one group. For example, limestone, which may be detrital, organogenic, chemogenic or biochemical origin, belongs to the biochemical species.

The chemical composition of sedimentary rocks differ from igneous large number of rock-forming components and a much higher differentiation. This is because material for their formation are the products of weathering of metamorphic, igneous and older sedimentary rocks, as well as gases dissolved in natural waters mineral components, the waste products of the organisms, the products of volcanic eruptions, and even the wreckage of the meteorites (e.g., Nickel balls of iron). In addition, they often found traces of long-vanished life – fossil flora and fauna. As a rule, the age of this fossil equals the age of the rocks themselves, but there are older redeposited organic remains.

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Some rocks (diatomite, nummulite and mlancolie limestone and others) are composed of whole organisms (biomorphic) or their fragments (detritus). The biomorphic (zelnormonline) the structures of the fossils are isolated from each other, communicating cement (brachiopoda rakushnyaka) or growing on each other, forming a texture of growth (mlancolie coral or limestone). Datatosave structures formed in shallow water under the action of the destructive shell of unrest or activity of predators, shatters the shells with the purpose of obtaining food.

Sedimentary rocks are formed as follows: with the destruction of the parent rocks is formed of the original substance, which is transferred by water, wind or glaciers and then deposited on the land surface and bottom of water basins. The result is composed of heterogeneous components precipitate, entirely or partially saturated with water and having a porous structure. This precipitate, modified over time, is a sedimentary rock.

The Process of sedimentation occurs under the influence of climate and tectonic regime. In humid conditions (warm and humid) climate formed the siltstone, clay, diatomite, kaustobiolit (fossil fuel). For arid (dry) zones characterized by limestone, gypsum, anhydrite, rock salt. In folded areas accumulate thick layers of sedimentary rocks, which are characterized by such features as the variability in space and varied composition of clastic material. On the platforms, on the contrary, are deposited rock strata of low power with a more uniform composition of clastic material.

Due To the fact that the conditions of sedimentation in the geological past were close to modern or similar, on the basis of data on the distribution of sedimentary rocks on the earth's surface to reconstruct the paleotectonic and paleogeographic environment on the planet.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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