Intersectional feminism: definition, characteristics and interesting facts

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2018-03-24 19:55:14

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The Struggle for the equality of all social groups has become an integral part of modern human history. The biggest movement against traditional discrimination is feminism. In the process of its development the struggle for women's rights has spawned a large number of sociological theories.

Definition

The Term "intersectional feminism" was introduced Kimberly Williams Crenshaw, Professor of law, civil activist and writer. This concept is closely linked to the establishment of the theory of intersections. Crenshaw, the idea is that a person can have multiple social identities, forming a unified whole. Criteria of belonging to any group based on such characteristics as gender, race, financial wealth, physical and mental diseases, religion, sexual orientation and age. In accordance with this theory, the problems of black women in the US remain incomprehensible to representatives of other parts of society, because the unique identity of African American women is formed by the intersection of two elements: ethnic and gender.intersectional feminism

Infringement of rights

The Central theme of the research Crenshaw are the trends in discrimination and oppression of different social groups. According to civil activists, chauvinism is never selective. Racism, sexism, homophobia and religious intolerance are closely linked. Crenshaw believes that all forms of discrimination constitute parts of a single system of oppression. If society permits the limitation of rights of a particular group, then in the future this trend will extend to representatives of all other known minorities. In accordance with the logic of intersectional feminism, the most disadvantaged part of society in the United States are black homosexual women because they have the maximum number of characteristics, typically becomes a reason of persecution.

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Historical background

The Movement for gender equality began in the 19th century. Activists protested against this state of Affairs in society in which sex was a major factor in determining the destiny of man. However, in the early stages of the ideology of the struggle for the equal rights of men and women were significantly different from intersectional feminism. Within the movement there was racial segregation and segregation by socio-economic characteristics. For example, in the US, the struggle was conducted solely for the empowerment of white women belonging to middle class society. These circumstances help to understand what is intersectional feminism, and why his appearance was inevitable. The obvious fact is that women do not constitute a completely homogeneous part of humanity. Therefore, individual ethnic and social group is not able to adequately Express their interests. It's impossible because of different life experiences, talking about intersectional feminism. What does it mean? Discrimination experienced by white middle-class women, is significantly different from the oppression of poor black women. According to some researchers, the theory of intersectional feminism has made an enormous contribution to the development of sociology. Before it occurs a few wondered about the existence in society of a complex system of subordination and oppression.

what is intersectional feminism

Sexual orientation as a form of identity

During the second half of the 20th century, the traditional Christian moral values are gradually lost force in Western civilization. The rejection of the old moral landmarks have influenced cultural and intersectional feminism. What has it changed? On the background of forming of tolerant perception of lesbian relationships and spread the view that women should not be exclusively heterosexual feminists.

Development theory

Studies Kimberly Crenshaw in the first place devoted to the problems of black women in the United States. She sought to prove that the unfair treatment faced by the "colored" American, is a combination of racism and sexism. Crenshaw indicates that the attraction of public attention to their situation is quite challenging. Other members of the society can hardly understand the life situation of African American women. For example, the traditional appeals to turn to the police for help in case of domestic violence have little meaning, as representatives of U.S. law enforcement agencies tend to show excessive brutality against blacks.

Crenshaw identifies three critical aspects of intersectional feminism. Members of the movement, first, needs to demonstrate to society the distinctive features of domestic violence committed against women of color. Secondly, it is necessary to identify the causes of inefficiency taken by the political authorities of the feminist and anti-racist laws. Third, we should actively discourage the creation of popular culture which has no relation to real life distorted image of the typical black woman.intersectional feminism is that it

The Continuation of scientific research

Inthe end of the 20th century, sociologist Patricia hill Collins has made a significant contribution to the development and popularization of the theory of Crenshaw. She was the author of many books about intersectional feminism. Collins work is mainly devoted to search of ways of practical application of the idea of gender equality with the aim of fundamental change in the society. It fully supports the theory of the indissoluble link various forms of discrimination. Moreover, Collins argues that all kinds of chauvinism and domination are in direct proportion to each other.

Radical feminism vs intersectionality

The Movement for gender equality has a number of branches. The most extreme called for radical feminism. The representatives of this trend believe that their ultimate goal the complete destruction of patriarhalnomu device companies through the implementation of the revolution in all spheres of life. Radical theory claims that it is the only way to achieve genuine social justice. According to the adherents of this ideology, the relationship between men and women for much of human history are reminiscent of the suppression of one class by another society for the sake of gain.

Extreme feminists do not see the benefit in theory of intersectionality. They believe that this idea contributes to the disunity of women, emphasizing their differences.radical feminism vs intersectionality

Radical views on sex and marriage

Supporters of the current believe that the source of the problem lies not only in social institutions but in the traditional structure of the family. They view marriage as a tool to support the existence of a conservative system, in which each gender is strictly defined role.

Radical feminists as evidence of a historically formed the sexual exploitation of women cited such phenomena as prostitution, pornography and beauty contests. The representatives of the extreme currents require absolute reproductive freedom. This means that you can decision-making related to childbirth, contraception, abortion and sterilization, without any pressure from relatives, society and government.

Among radical activists, there is such a movement, as TRANS-exclusive feminism. Supporters of this ideology are refusing to admit by women who themselves surgery sex change. The name of the course literally means "the feminism that excludes transgender people".critique of intersectional feminism

The Mythical norm

The Theory of intersections suggests that dominance is always accompanied by reluctance to see the victim being equal. Sometimes the importance of the suppressed personality is reduced to the level of an inanimate object. Her opinions and feelings do not cause any interest in the dominant hand. Members of discriminated against groups receive from their infringing the rights of the majority of the label "not such as all". Under this definition, can get any man that does not match the average characteristics. Proponents of the theory of intersection is called society has set the standards of the mythical norm. What they mean by this subjectivity and relativity of similar characteristics. According to followers of the ideology Crenshaw, one of the best methods of combating discrimination and domination is the ability to form independent from others self-esteem.TRANS exclusive feminism

Translating

The Approaches of intersectionality, can be implemented in all spheres of life: politics, health, education, and legislation governing the labour market and ownership of private property. Theory Crenshaw, is of particular importance in the field of social work. The path to adequate understanding of the problems of a particular person is taking into account all overlapping and interrelated aspects of his life. For example, social workers note that women with disabilities easily become victims of domestic violence or sexual harassment and are less able to protect against them.intersectional feminism is that it features

Criticism of intersectional feminism

The Theory of intersections is criticized for giving too much weight to subjective points of view. The recognition of the facts of discrimination is often based solely on my interpretation of the events alleged victims.

The practical Application of the theory Crenshaw does not destroy the hierarchical structure of society, but only change its order. Groups applying for the status of victims of oppression, can use their position as a tool of pressure on other members of society.

Critics Crenshaw indicate that the perfect embodiment of the theory in real life is extremely difficult. The society does not have sufficient amount of time and resources in order to ensure respect for the interests of all groups, including the smallest. For example, from a practical point of view, it is impossible to widely introduce the use of the Braille alphabet and sign language within the framework of concern for the needs of blind anddeaf. Critics point out that the inaccessibility of the ideal threatens to cause disappointment in the theory itself.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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