Stagnant optic disc: causes, symptoms and treatment

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2018-03-22 10:01:16

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Many patients after a visit to the office of the ophthalmologist faced with a diagnosis of “stagnant disc optic nerve”. This term is not always clear what causes patients to seek additional information. Than is accompanied by a similar condition and complications? What are the main causes of development stagnation? That can offer modern medicine as a treatment?

What is the pathology?

stagnant disc optic nerve

To get started is to understand the meaning of the term. Not all know that in fact this diagnosis involves swelling. Stagnant disc optic nerve — a pathology which is accompanied by swelling, and the appearance of it is not associated with an inflammatory process.

This condition is not an independent disease. Swelling in most cases is associated with persistent increased intracranial pressure. This problem is faced not only in adulthood — often diagnosed congestive optic nerve in a child. The pathology of this, of course, affect vision and if untreated can lead to atrophy of the nerve and blindness. Edema may be unilateral, but according to statistical research, the disease often affects both eyes.

The Stagnant optic disc: causes

stagnant disc optic nerve in a child

As already mentioned, in most cases, the swelling develops on the background of increased intracranial pressure. And the reasons can be many:

  • Approximately 60-70% of all cases of congestive optic nerve is associated with the presence of tumor in the brain. To date, failed to determine whether there is a relationship between tumor size and the appearance of swelling. On the other hand, it is known that the closer to the sinuses of the brain the tumor is, the faster it is formed and progresses, congestive disk.
  • Inflammation of the membranes of the brain (in particular, meningitis) can also trigger the disease.
  • Risk factors include abscess formation.
  • Congestive disk can develop as a result of a traumatic brain injury or hemorrhage into the ventricles and brain tissue.
  • Same pathology sometimes observed in hydrocephalus (a condition that is accompanied by disruption of the normal outflow of cerebrospinal fluid and its accumulation in the ventricles).
  • To edema of the tissues results in the presence of uncharacteristic atriovenous messages between the vessels.
  • Often cause the development of congestive optic nerve head are cysts, and other entities, which gradually increase in size.
  • Similar pathology may develop in the setting of thrombosis of the blood vessels providing circulation to the brain.
  • Other possible causes include diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, and other diseases, which, in the end, lead to metabolic and hypoxic lesions of the brain tissue.

In fact, it is very important during diagnosis to determine the cause of the development of edema of the optic nerve, as this determines the treatment plan and quick recovery of the patient.

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Features of the clinical picture and symptoms pathology

stagnant disc optic nerve causes

Of Course the list of symptoms — that's something worth to see. After all, the sooner will be seen a violation, the faster the patient will go to the doctor. Immediately it should say that in the presence of this pathology normal vision preserved, and for a long time. But many patients complain of periodic headaches.

For a stagnant disk of the optic nerve characterized by sudden vision loss, including blindness. As a rule, it is brief, and then all returns to normal. This phenomenon is associated with spasm of blood vessels — for a moment, the nerve endings no longer receive nutrients and oxygen. In some patients, such “seizures” observed only occasionally, other patients suffer from vision changes almost every day. It is not necessary to talk about how dangerous it can be sharply advancing blindness, especially if the person is driving, crossing the street, running with a dangerous instrument.

Over time, the process involved and the retina, which is accompanied by a significant decrease in field of view. At fundus examination the doctor can see small hemorrhages that occur because of poor circulation in the eye analyzer. If you experience these symptoms you need to consult a doctor.

Stage of a disease

the reason for the stagnant development of the optic nerve head are

It is Customary to distinguish several stages of development of pathology.

  • On initial stage there is hyperemia of the disc, narrowing of small arteries and wriggling venous vessels.
  • Severe stage — congestion of the optic disc increases in size, around it there are small hemorrhages.
  • For a pronounced phase the disc is badly prominere in the area of the vitreous body, observed changes in the macula of the retina.
  • Next is the stage of atrophy, in which the disc is flattened and acquires dirty-gray color. It was in this period and begin to appear noticeableproblems with vision. First, there is partial and then complete loss of vision.

The Initial stage of the disease and its features

stagnant disc optic nerve treatment

As mentioned above, in the initial stages of development of the pathology the patient will not suspect the existence of the problem, as some pronounced disturbances simply do not exist. During this period, to diagnose a possible violation — usually it happens by accident during a routine ophthalmic examination.

The Disks swell and increase in size, edges are fuzzy and come into the region of the vitreous body. Approximately 20% of patients the pulse small veins disappears. Despite the absence of visible symptoms, the retina begins to swell.

What happens with further development of the disease?

In the absence of treatment is already possible to notice some signs. What are the complications causes congestion of the optic disc? The symptoms are pretty typical. Patients gradually decreased visual acuity. During the examination you may notice the expansion of the boundaries of the blind spot.

Further develops the stagnation of blood in the veins, and poor circulation, as is well known, affects the optic nerve. Disc swelling increases. The disease can go into a chronic phase. At this stage visual acuity that is improved, then drops sharply. It is possible to observe the contraction of the normal field of view.

Modern methods of diagnosis

stagnant disc optic nerve symptoms

Stagnant disc optic nerve — a disease that can be diagnosed by an ophthalmologist, as a careful examination and a vision test, a technician can smell a rat. But since the pathology associated with diseases of the nervous system, the treatment of a neurologist or neurosurgeon.

The Presence of edema can be accurately set at the time of retinography. In the future, additional studies whose goal — to determine the degree of swelling and to identify the root cause of the disease. For this patient sent for ultrasound examination of the optic nerve. Further x-rayed the skull, computed tomography and optical coherence tomography.

The Stagnant disk of visual nerve treatment

Immediately is to say that therapy largely depends on the cause of development as need to be treated, first and foremost, the primary disease. For example, in meningitis patients are prescribed appropriate antimicrobial (antifungal, antiviral) drugs. Hydrocephalus need to ensure the normal circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, etc.

In addition, congestion of the optic disc requires maintenance therapy to prevent the development of secondary atrophy. For a start, is dehydration, which removes excess fluid and reduces swelling. Patients also prescribe vasodilator drugs that normalize blood circulation in the nervous tissue, providing the cells of the necessary oxygen and nutrients. Part of the treatment is the intake of metabolic drugs that improve and support the metabolism of neurons, ensuring normal function of the optic nerve.

When Troubleshooting the primary causes of stagnation of the optic nerve disappears — the brain and the visual analyzer returns to normal. But the lack of treatment often leads to complete loss of vision. That is why in any case should not abandon the therapy, and to neglect the advice of a doctor.

Are There any preventive measures?

stagnant swelling of the optic nerve

Immediately is to say that any medications or specific agents that are able to prevent the development of pathology does not exist. The only thing I can recommend doctors — a regular inspection at the ophthalmologist. Naturally, you should avoid situations that are threatening brain injuries.

All infectious and inflammatory disease, especially if we are talking about the nervous system, it is necessary to treat, and therapy does not stop until full recovery. At the slightest disturbance of vision or the appearance of alarming symptoms should contact an ophthalmologist or neurologist.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://www.tostpost.com/ar/health/11248-stagnant-optic-disc-causes-symptoms-and-treatment.html

BE: https://www.tostpost.com/be/zdaro-e/20143-zastoyny-dysk-glyadzel-naga-nerva-prychyny-s-mptomy-asabl-vasc-lyachen.html

DE: https://www.tostpost.com/de/gesundheit/20156-kongestiver-papille-ursachen-symptome-und-behandlung-features.html

ES: https://www.tostpost.com/es/la-salud/20175-haberse-detenido-el-disco-del-nervio-ptico-causas-s-ntomas-y-caracter-.html

HI: https://www.tostpost.com/hi/health/11257-stagnant-optic-disc-causes-symptoms-and-treatment.html

JA: https://www.tostpost.com/ja/health/11257-stagnant-optic-disc-causes-symptoms-and-treatment.html

KK: https://www.tostpost.com/kk/densauly/20140-zastoynyy-disk-k-ru-nerv-s-n-sebepter-simptomdary-zh-ne-emdeu-erekshel.html

PL: https://www.tostpost.com/pl/zdrowie/20112-stagnacja-tarczy-nerwu-wzrokowego-przyczyny-objawy-i-mo-liwo-ci-leczen.html

PT: https://www.tostpost.com/pt/sa-de/20114-estagnada-disco-do-nervo-ptico-causas-sintomas-e-caracter-sticas-do-tr.html

TR: https://www.tostpost.com/tr/sa-l-k/20146-durgun-disk-optik-sinir-nedenleri-belirtileri-ve-tedavi-zellikleri.html

UK: https://www.tostpost.com/uk/zdorov-ya/20132-zast-yniy-disk-zorovogo-nerva-prichini-simptomi-ta-osoblivost-l-kuvann.html

ZH: https://www.tostpost.com/zh/health/12022-stagnant-optic-disc-causes-symptoms-and-treatment.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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