Red square: history, description, places of interest

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2018-03-18 16:50:24

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In the heart of the capital of the Russian Federation are world - famous attractions-the Kremlin and Red square, the arena of many important events of Russian and Soviet history. Here are events: demonstrations, parades, and in recent years a Grand and festive concerts. It is believed that the area was founded in the late 15th century, and it has always been the main symbol of the Russian capital. The remainder of this article we will tell you about the history of the founding, the origin of its name, on important monuments in red square. Despite the fact that it is known to every resident of the country, there are a lot of interesting information that was hidden and about which little is mentioned in the history books.

Red square in Moscow

Location

The Red square in Moscow is located in the Central part of a radial-circular layout of the capital, between the Kremlin and China-town. From there to the Moscow river can be reached by descending a sloping Vasilevsky descent. The exact location of the area - along the North-Eastern wall of the Moscow Kremlin. It is possible to drive through the Kremlin's passage, the resurrection Gate, Ilyinka, Nikolskaya street, Varvarka and Vasilevsky descent. The streets that go from the area, then branch out and pouring into the main thoroughfares leading to all parts of the Whitestone and Russia.

History

When was laid the Red square? Its history has about 6 centuries. It was then erected the walls of the Kremlin, rebuilt during the reign of Ivan III. It was decided to place the area in the North-Eastern side of the Great Posad, the construction of which approached the walls of the Kremlin close. In 1493 in Moscow there was the strongest fire that affected the area located between the Kremlin walls and Bargaining. For some time it has remained undeveloped. Its width was 110 fathoms, which is equal to 240 m. Initially, the place where it was decided to organize the area, called the Fire.

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According to history, Red square was supposed to be outlined from the West by the Kremlin ditch of the East – Market North of the same — the gate of China-town and the South — the hill, the so-called ‘Usloviem”. Already in the 15th century the area consisted of 3 separate parts which were separated from each other paving Nikolskaya street, Ilyinka and Varvarka. They all started from the main gate of the Kremlin. On the area between them was a little Church and a small shop. In those years, there has been the danger of proliferation of Bargaining, and to avoid this, in 1596-1598. on its borders, began to build a two-storey stone merchant houses (stalls), which outlined the Eastern boundary of the future red square (at that time, it yet was not called). With their help, turned three quarters - Upper, Middle and Lower.

The Architectural appearance of these stone benches — similar cells that are United by arcades — and in time became the characteristic feature of most commercial buildings in all of Russia. It was used for the construction of hostelries, merchant mansions and houses. The division of the square into 3 pieces preserved until the first half of the XVII century.

Origin of name

Spasskaya tower

In 1625, was built Spasskaya tower of Kremlin and the territory in which it is located, together with a certain section of the Fire, located between built on a hillock in the middle of the 16th century St. Basil's Cathedral and Calvary, became known as the people of the red square. Why? The word for red in old Russian is synonymous with the word beautiful, but since it was very dressy in comparison with other areas of contemporary Moscow, it became known that way. In the spring of 1661 he issued a decree of the Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich that square is assigned the name “Red”. According to history, this Russian Tsar, as none of his predecessors, often interfered in matters of Moscow place names. By the way, according to the records of some foreign guests of the Russian capital, during the reign of Ivan the terrible the square was called Big. As for modern the red square, i.e. that which lies to the South of the Spassky gate, then until 1924 it was called Vasilyevsky. There were times when it was called the intercession or the Trinity.

Soviet times

Until the early 20th century most of the area was developed with various buildings, some of them were demolished by the Soviet authorities, and then the size of the area increased. In 1972 it carried out the reconstruction were used to tunnelling shields of large diameter, and a year later was reconstructed and a necropolis (mausoleum), the stands rebuilt in granite, pavers have updated and put on the concrete. From 1967 to 1990 has been regularly organized military parades on red square. And on 28 may 1987 here an unprecedented event happened: the German pilot, athlete Mathias Rust, had made an unauthorized landing right on the square, rather than on the bridge over the Moscow river. Then the plane on the chassis drove right up to the Pokrovsky Cathedral and stayed there. Of course, this act caused a lot of noise, but the case had to be hushed up.

the Event on the red square

What's interesting on the red square in Moscow?

This is the main attraction not only in the capital but in the whole of Russia, the heart of the country! It witnessed the most momentous events in the country. In the Middle ages a place of execution the heralds announced the Tsar's decrees. During the war the troops came from the Spassky gate and went to war. The rulers to communicate with their own people also came out of the gate of the Kremlin, and Red square instead of trading (as was originally intended) has become a place for the people's Assembly. Nevertheless, it had for several centuries been a place of trade, fairs and folk festivals.

The appearance of the square changed, when was built a Gothic tower with Spasskie the gate. It is, of course, decorated the entire area. The most beautiful place here is, of course, is the area between the Spassky tower, the place of execution and St. Basil's Cathedral, which is similar to a fairy Palace. Yes, all other structures are painted scarlet and decorated in the style of Russian uzoroche, give the area incredible view. That's why millions of tourists from around the world strive to get here and see everything with your own eyes.

Kremlin wall and Red square

Churches and cathedrals on the red square

One of the main decorations of Moscow is Kazan Cathedral. It was built in the 17th century Dmitry Pozharsky in honor of the deliverance of the Russian land from Polish-Lithuanian invaders. Its main Shrine - the miraculous icon of the Mother of God. It was discovered in 1579 for the Dormition Cathedral, but later it was moved to Kazan. In 1936, Soviet authorities decided to demolish it to the ground. In 1990, restoration work began, which lasted about 3 years. This is a very complex architectural composition, carrying out the works entrusted to the great masters, by which the Cathedral was fully restored.

The Cathedral of the Intercession of the blessed virgin on the Moat is a Russian Orthodox Cathedral, which is a unique monument of Russian architecture. Its construction lasted from 1555 to 1561. Part of the Cathedral is composed of 10 churches (chapels). Some of them sanctified in honor of the Orthodox saints, the birthday party which coincided with the dates of decisive battles for Kazan. The Church, located in the center building, was built in honor of Intercession of the virgin. Around her were grouped a separate Church dedicated to the Holy Trinity, Nikola Velikoretsky, the Entry of Christ into Jerusalem, the Three Patriarchs Alexander, John and Paul the New, Gregory the Armenian, Cyprian Justin Alexander Svirsky and Barlaam of Khutyn (they are all placed on the same basis-basement), and a chapel in honour of St. Basil, which is feared by Ivan the terrible himself. It was on his behalf, the temple got its second, more famous name - St. Basil's Cathedral. By the way, the name of this Cathedral on red square mentioned a ditch which passed along the Kremlin wall and served as a defensive fortification. Its depth was 13 meters, width-approximately 36 meters. Since 1990, Saint Basil's Cathedral is included in the list of world heritage of UNESCO.

the Cathedral on the red square

Monuments

Minin and Pozharsky... Even those who don't know, who are the bearers of these names, associate them with the landmark of the red square. A monument to the two heroes is located here, opposite the Pokrovsky Cathedral, near the place of execution. It was erected on this spot in 1818. At the opening ceremony was attended by Alexander himself First. Minin and Pozharsky since then were considered national heroes of Russia, as they are the in 1612, played the home...


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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