Biological and physiological significance of vitamins in human nutrition

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2018-03-19 11:40:41

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The Vitamins – is the key to health and normal functioning of all organs and systems. What vitamins are there, what is their value, what foods contain the nutrients and what is the daily requirement in them? Next, we will focus on the specific vitamins and their importance for the organism. But first briefly about the General functions of these nutrients, as well as the history of their discovery.

What is the significance of vitamins in human life?

The Biological importance of these nutrients is to actively participate in all metabolic and oxidative processes, supporting immune defenses. Vitamins promote normal growth and development of all organs and systems in child, adolescent, adult and embryonic period. Contains vitamins in food products (and their value commensurate with the value of food in General to maintain the normal life and good health), but can also be presented in the form of individual drugs. Multivitamin complexes are assigned only to the attending physician and witnesses. Self-administration of such complexes in danger of hypervitaminosis - a condition which is a consequence of an overdose of vitamins.

the value of vitamins

When humanity found out about vitamins?

The fact that some products are more effective to combat certain diseases has long been known. Even the ancient Egyptians knew that the liver helps with night blindness – disorder, in which the lost or impaired ability to see clearly at dusk. And in the first half of the fourteenth century the physician and dietitian of the yuan dynasty in China developed a three-volume work "Important principles of food and drinks», which codified existing at that time knowledge on the therapeutic role of food. He also argued that to maintain health you must adhere to a varied diet.

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The Origins of the modern theory of vitamins contained in the writings of the Russian scientist N. Lunin. The researcher fed mice all the known elements of cow's milk separately and when subjects died, concluded that the body isn't only fat, protein, carbohydrates, water and salts, essential and additional substances. Its output at first was not accepted by the scientific community seriously - for the reason that many scientists could not obtain the same results. As it turned out, the reason was that they used a milk sugar that contains some amount of vitamin b and not cane.

In subsequent years, accumulated and other data that confirm the existence of these substances. The importance of vitamins in the normal functioning of the human body began to take on greater importance. The first vitamin to cure beriberi-a disease caused from a lack of thiamine in the body, was opened in 1911. In 1929 Holkins and Aikman's for the discovery of nutrients were awarded the Nobel prize. In the thirties, forties, fifties, scientists continued to discover new vitamins.

What is the name and classification of vitamins?

The Vitamins are named by letters of the alphabet. The names that we use today were adopted by the Commission on the nomenclature of the International Union of pure and applied chemistry in 1956. Up to the present time, it was decided to divide the vitamins according to their solubility in water or fats into water soluble and fat soluble.

The value of the fat-soluble vitamins in that they tend to accumulate in the human body and slowly displayed, but the major source is food of animal origin. Most water-soluble vitamins, in turn, prevent premature aging cells are a valid replacement for animal protein and are involved in all metabolic processes.

At the beginning of the forties of the twentieth century, A. Palladin synthesized analog of vitamin K, which dissolve in water. Were later obtained with other water-soluble vitamins-analogues. All this leads to the fact that the decision of the division of vitamins loses its meaning.

What is the use of vitamin A and what foods contain?

Vitamin a (retinol & ndash; ready vitamin; carotene – goes into vitamin a in the human body) opened one of the first. The value of the vitamin for a person is that he is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis, is an antioxidant, slows the aging process, promotes the normalization of metabolism. The vitamin plays an important role in the formation of teeth and bone tissue, fat deposits, it is necessary for the formation and growth of new cells. Important vitamin And is that it allows you to clearly see at night due to the formation of the pigment, having the ability to catch even the weakest light. The same substance responsible for adequate hydration of the eye, preventing it drying out and subsequent injuries.

the importance of vitamins in nutrition

Retinol is needed to support the immune system and fight infections, it enhances the barrier function of mucous membranes, stimulates the activity of white blood cells. Vitamin a protects against colds and influenza, diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems and urinary tracts. It is the presence of retinol & ndash; one of the main factors that in developed countries, children are easier to tolerate measles, chicken pox. Even AIDS patients vitamin a prolongs life.

The Substance has a positive effect on lung function, it is necessary to maintain epithelial tissue, accelerated wound healing, provides normal development of pregnancy and reduces the risk of complications such as insufficient weight of the newborn.

The Daily need for vitamin a is 800 to 1,000 micrograms for adults, 1000-1400 mcg for women pregnant and nursing mothers, 400-1000 µg for children. The tolerable upper consumption threshold is 3000 micrograms. The main sources of nutrients are yellow and green vegetables, legumes, apricots, herbs, fish oil, milk, margarine, cheese, egg yolk, liver, cream and so on.

What are vitamins?

Vitamin b was opened in 1912, but it soon became clear that this is not one compound but a whole range of substances. Unites this group is the presence in the molecule of nitrogen. The physiological importance of b vitamins for the body is very great:

  1. Thiamin, or B1, is required to ensure proper processing of fats, carbohydrates and proteins into energy. Contained in buckwheat, green peas, oatmeal.
  2. Riboflavin, or B2, is involved in all metabolic processes in the body. Found in dairy products, yeast, pasta, white bread.
  3. Choline, or B4, protects cells from destruction and damage, helps weight reduction, normalizes blood sugar levels. Contained in egg yolk, kidney and liver, cheese, unrefined vegetable oils.
  4. Pantothenic acid, or B5, releases energy obtained from food. From food found in liver, poultry, green vegetables, fish eggs.
  5. Pyridoxine, or B6, is necessary for the activity of the nervous system involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, stimulates synthesis of antibodies. The vitamin is contained in spinach, carrots, legumes and cereals, dairy products, fish, liver.
  6. Biotin, or B7, heals the nervous tissue and bone marrow; needed for healthy skin and hair. Contained in brewer's yeast, food bran, wheat germ, oranges, and beef heart.
  7. Inositol or B8 stimulates the brain, prevents arteriosclerosis and regulate cholesterol levels. Vitamin contained in honey, citrus fruits, beans and liver.
  8. Folic acid, or B9. Value vitamin a very high in the period of embryonic development of the fetus contributes to the normal development of the nervous system, cell division. Contained in yeast, beans, citrus fruits, flour, meal.
  9. Cobalamin, or vitamin B12 promotes activity of the nervous system. B12 is only in foods of animal origin.
  10. Orotic acid, or B13, normalizes the liver, is required during embryonic development, improves sexual function. The food is in the roots, the serum.
  11. Pangamba acid, or B15, lowers cholesterol, eliminates hypoxia increases the duration of life of cells. Contained in plant seeds, apricot seeds, whole grains.
  12. Laetrile, or B17, slows the aging process of the body and has analgesic properties. Contained in the seeds of plums, apples, apricots, cherries, peaches.

the importance of vitamins to human

Which products are the most vitamins?

The Value of vitamins for humans is very high, these substances do not accumulate in the body, so to replenish their stock you need on a daily basis and sufficient quantity. Most substances of this group in dairy products, legumes, liver, egg yolk, yeast. A lack of vitamins, because nutrients are destroyed by refined sugars, nicotine, caffeine and alcohol that the modern person uses on a daily basis.

Why the body needs vitamin C?

Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, plays a critical role in redox processes in the human body, metabolism of other nutrients, the synthesis of collagen and steroid hormones. The value of the vitamin in the diet due to its ability to regulate blood clotting, enhance resistance of human organism to various infections, anti-Allergy and anti-inflammatory effects. Ascorbic acid protects against the negative effects of stress.

There are medical...


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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