Official in Ancient Rome and its powers

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2018-03-19 09:05:49

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Few people know that most of the terms denoting modern system of government, originates from the… Ancient Rome. Power advanced management system have happened before in ancient times – such as, Egypt, China, Greece. However, monarchical structure is completely subordinate officials to the will of the Pharaoh or king, and the democracy in Ancient Greece was limited only to the limits of the Polis (the city and the surrounding area). In the era of the formation of the Republic, the question arose about the distribution of managerial functions between elected representatives from the aristocracy and the people (plebs) as well as on the delegation of their powers, and their limitations. It was at this time coined the term “official” is a concept very close to us on the value.

In the Russian language, the word is synonymous with the word “duty”. But, in contrast to the “debtor”, the concept “post” and “official” have a positive semantic connotation. People in the rank – representative of the state in a specific field, limited their authority and personify power. The scale of ranks in the bureaucracy has its vertical (from head, to the deputies and to various counselors and assistants) as well as horizontal (when equal representatives of the government can suspend and revoke decisions of his colleagues).

An Official of Ancient Rome elected only of free-born men (Freedman could not be elected, and his son was able), past a certain age. Not only that, each order had carefully spelled out in law the minimum age for entry into the authority, so also mentioned the period for which it was possible to do, the opportunity to be re-elected, and regional boundaries, which expanded the jurisdiction of the post. For example, the power of the consuls was limited by the city walls, and proconsul ruled the countryside beyond. In relation to the Manager other citizens, even the high-born, was the privati-people private, subordinates.

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It Was in Rome and the highest official called "Imperium" Supreme power "potestas” has been passed to him from the kings moresubstantial period. The procedure for vesting such authority was spelled out in a special kuritsko law. These officials had the right to convene the Senate and the comitia (the Assembly of the people), to pay their bills, to make speeches. When the country was in danger, was chosen dictator, who conveyed the whole of the Supreme power. This man had the sole right to govern. Often to his title he joined the purpose of the election – for example, “Dictator due to the war”. Selected in emergency positions claimed to be lifelong stewards (Cornelius sulla, Gaius Julius Caesar). This position was abolished only Marcus Aurelius. By the way, the similar powers conferred on the officials not only at the time looming over the country at risk. “the Dictator driving a nail" is the name of the office of steward during the religious festivals.

Officials in the Republic period have not been paid. It was an honorary title. Each rank corresponds to a certain toga – it was stored at the owner and after his resignation, it his and buried. Some posts raised the whole family in social rank are the sons of those who were in the rank of curule chairs, were considered to be aristocrats; the bearer of this title has become the progenitor of his name, his wax death mask was kept and honored descendants. Also the dignitaries had reserved seats in the boxes in the amphitheater. Since the quaestors, who left office people had the right to be elected to the Senate.

Being in the service of the Republic, officials had restricted the right of appeal and appeal. A petition for review of the decision can be submitted to the national Assembly, the Senate or an equal colleague of the Manager. Ranks could be permanent, limited duration, although for many positions, people were appointed for not more than 36 months. Such posts were praetors, consuls, quaestors, and censors adily. With the exception of the people's tribunes, at such places in Ancient Rome mostly claimed to aristocratic families. Their career was predictable: the early years in the rank of officer of the Legion, then at 27 the position of Quaestor, 37 – aedile, 40 – praetor, 43 – Consul or censor.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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