Magnetic field characteristics magnetic field

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2018-03-18 08:00:43

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To understand what is a characteristic of a magnetic field, you should define many phenomena. In advance need to remember how and why it appears. To know what is the power characteristics of the magnetic field. Thus it is important that a similar field can meet not only the magnets. In this regard, it will not hurt to mention the characteristics of the magnetic field of the earth.

Occurrence field

The first step is to describe the appearance of the field. After it is possible to describe the magnetic field and its characteristics. It appears during the movement of charged particles. Can affect moving electric charges, especially on current-carrying conductors. The interaction between the magnetic field and moving charges, or conductors through which current flows is due to the forces, referred to as electromagnetic.

characteristics of the earth's magnetic field

The Intensity or power characteristics of the magnetic field at a certain spatial point are determined using magnetic induction. The latter is denoted by the symbol V.

Graphical representation of the field

Magnetic field and its characteristics can be represented graphically by lines of induction. This definition, called the line tangent to which at any point coincide with the direction of the vector of magnetic induction.

The above lines are included in the characterization of the magnetic field and used to determine its direction and intensity. The higher the intensity of the magnetic field, the more data lines will be held.

What is magnetic lines

Magnetic lines near a straight current-carrying conductors are in the form of concentric circles, the center of which is located on the axis of this conductor. The direction of the magnetic lines near current-carrying conductors is determined by the corkscrew rule, which is: if the thumb will be located so that it screws in to guide in the direction of the current, then the direction of the treatment arm corresponds to the direction of the magnetic lines.

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characteristics of the magnetic field

At the coil with electric current the magnetic field will be also determined by the corkscrew rule. You also need to rotate the handle in the direction of the current in the coils of the solenoid. The direction of lines of magnetic induction will correspond to the direction of translational motion of the thumb.

The Definition of homogeneity and heterogeneity is the main characteristic of the magnetic field.

Produced by one current, under equal conditions, the field will vary in intensity in different environments due to the differing magnetic properties in these compounds. Magnetic properties of the medium are characterized by absolute magnetic permeability. It is measured in Henry per meter (g/m).

In the magnetic field characteristic includes the absolute magnetic permeability of vacuum, magnetic constant called. A value that indicates how many times the absolute magnetic permeability of the medium will be different from a constant, is called the relative magnetic permeability.

The Magnetic permeability of substances

This is a dimensionless quantity. Of a substance having a permeability value less than one are called diamagnetic. In the substances field is weaker than in vacuum. These properties are present in hydrogen, water, quartz, silver, etc.

Environment with a magnetic permeability exceeding unity are called paramagnetic. In the substances field is stronger than in vacuum. To the environment and substances include air, aluminium, oxygen, platinum.

the main characteristic of the magnetic field

In the case of paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances, the magnetic permeability value will not depend on the voltage of the external magnetizing field. This means that the value is constant for a particular substance.

A particular group are ferromagnetics. In these substances the magnetic permeability will reach several thousand or more. These substances have the property to magnetize and amplify the magnetic field, there is extensive use in electrical engineering.

Field strength

To determine the characteristics of the magnetic field with magnetic induction vector can be applied to a value, called the magnetic field. This term is a vector quantity that determines the intensity of the external magnetic field. The direction of the magnetic field in medium with the same properties in all directions of the intensity vector is the same as the magnetic induction vector at the point of the field.

Strong magnetic properties of ferromagnetic explained by the presence of arbitrarily magnetized small parts, which can be represented in the form of small magnets.

magnetic field and its characteristics

With the absence of magnetic field a ferromagnetic substance may not have pronounced magnetic properties, because fields are becoming domains of different orientation, and their total magnetic field is zero.

On the main characteristics of the magnetic field, if the ferromagnet is placed in an external magnetic field, for example, the coil current under the influence of external field, the domains unfold in the direction of the external field. Moreover, the magnetic field in the coil will increase, and the magnetic induction will increase. If the external field is weak enough, it will turn only a fraction of all domains of which the magnetic field in the direction approaching the direction of the external field. For increasing the strength of the external field is turned domains will increase, and at a certain voltage value of the external field almost all the parts will be deployed so that the magnetic field will be located in the direction of the external field. This condition is called magnetic saturation.

The Relationship of magnetic induction and tension

Interconnectedness of the magnetic induction of a ferromagnetic substance and strength of the external field can be represented by using graphics, called magnetization curve. In the curve graph curve the rate of increase of the magnetic induction decreases. After bending, where the tension reaches a certain level is saturated, and the curve rises slightly, gradually acquiring the form of a straight line. On this site induction is still growing, but quite slowly and only due to the increase of the external field.

power characteristics of the magnetic field

The Graphical dependence of these indicators is not direct, so their attitude is not constant, and magnetic permeability of the material is not a constant figure, and is dependent on the external field.

Changes in the magnetic properties of materials

If you increase the amperage to full saturation in coil with ferromagnetic core and a subsequent decrease in the magnetization curve coincides with the demagnetization curve. With zero tension the magnetic induction will have the same value, and acquire some measure, called the residual magnetic induction. The situation with the lag of the magnetic induction from the magnetizing force is called hysteresis.

For a complete demagnetization of the ferromagnetic core in the coil required to give a current of reverse direction which will create the necessary tension. For different ferromagnetic substances necessary cut different lengths. The higher it is, the greater the amount of energy required to demagnetize. The value at which there is a complete demagnetization of the material, is called the coercive force.

what is a characteristic of a magnetic field

With further increase of the current in the coil induction will increase again to a value of saturation, but with a different direction of the magnetic lines. The demagnetization in the reverse direction is obtained the residual induction. The phenomenon of residual magnetism is used to create permanent magnets of substances with a large value of residual magnetism. Of substances having the ability to remagnetization, are the cores for electric machines and appliances.

Left hand Rule

The Force affecting the conductor has a direction determined by the left-hand rule: when the location of the palm of the virgin's hands in such a way that the magnetic lines go into it, and four fingers extended in the direction of the current in the conductor, bent the thumb will indicate the direction of the force. This force is perpendicular to the induction vector and the current.

Moving in a magnetic field current-carrying conductor is considered the prototype of the motor that changes electric energy into mechanical energy.

Right hand Rule

During the movement of a conductor in a magnetic field is induced within it an electromotive force which has a value proportional to the magnetic induction involved the conductor length and the speed of its movement. This dependence is called electromagnetic induction. In determining the direction of induced EMF in a conductor using the right-hand rule: when the location of the right hand in the same way as in the example on the left, the magnetic lines enter the palm, and the thumb indicates the direction of movement of the conductor, elongated fingers indicate the direction of the induced EMF. Moving in magnetic flux under the influence of external mechanical force conductor is the simplest example of a electric generator, which converts mechanical energy into electricity.

The Law elektromag...


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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