Naval battle off Cape Gangut (1714)

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2018-03-24 22:06:15

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The Battle of Cape Gangut – one of the glorious pages of Russian history, is commemorated with a holiday called the Day of military glory. You have it on 9 August. On this day in 1714, Russia celebrated their first victory at sea won on July 27. On the same day, but six years later, the Russians defeated the Swedes near the island Grengam that has allowed our country to finally gain a foothold on the Baltic. The battle of Cape Gangut, the date of which is July 27, 1714, was the beginning of the end of the hegemony of the Swedes in the Baltic sea.

Vital access to the sea

The brunt of grueling, bloody, long Northern war (1700-1721), despite the fact that involved in it were a number of European countries and the Ottoman Empire, as always, rests on the shoulders of Russia. battle of Cape GangutThis great war that occurred in the first quarter of XVIII century, and therefore is not called the Russian-Swedish that participated on both sides are not only countries in Europe with access to the Baltic sea. Before these events Russia of such a withdrawal had not, what prevented her to trade with leading countries of Europe, and, as a consequence, to develop economically.

The Swedish blockade

Sweden, then dominant in the Baltic sea, although the Navy it was only the fourth in the world, cynically called it the North sea a Swedish lake. In addition, she has a well-equipped fortress Noteburg, which before taking her by the Swedes was called Nut, clog the only way out of Russia in the Baltic sea through the Neva river. Part of old Russian lands lost in previous wars at the end of XVI - early XVII centuries, remained in the hands of Sweden. The battle of Cape Gangut happened 5 years later after the battle of Poltava, causing the power of Sweden was undermined and there was a turning point in Russia's favor. However, this was a land victory, and on the sea, Russia could not oppose the country.

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Navy

Before Peter I, Russia was not a Maritime nation, that is, she did not have a military fleet but a few vessels built at the father of Peter the Great to escort merchant ships in the Caspian sea. A defeat at Azov in 1695 had forced the Russian Tsar to work specifically on the creation of the fleet.  sea battle of Cape GangutJust a few months, was launched on a motley flotilla consisting of 1000 planes, 23 galleys and two 36-gun ships, under the command of Admiral F. Y. Lefort in July 1696, he forced the garrison to surrender Azov. The result of this victory was the decision of the Boyar Duma: “Sea-going vessels to be!” Then, in 1702, fell Noterburg. In 1703-m was taken at the mouth of the Neva Niesan. Snowshoes here two Swedish military ship under cover of the morning mist was attacked fishing boats and taken prisoner. The operation was headed by Peter himself and Menshikov.

The Construction of a large shipyard

In 1703, was laid the Peter and Paul fortress, and in 1704-m began to build the fortress of Kronshlot (Kronstadt). All of these developments have hastened the battle of Cape Gangut. Sweden attempted to capture and destroy Peter and Paul fortress Kronshlot. However, they were repulsed. To stop being defensive and go on the offensive, it was necessary to seize the Baltic coast. Therefore, in the spring of 1713, after landing in Finland, the Russian army of 16 thousand people seizes town: current Porvoo (Borgo), Turku (åbo) and Helsinki (Helsingfors). Between Russia and Sweden remained the only Gulf of Bothnia, in the middle of which were the Aldan Islands. Russia has had a fleet. The first ships were built in 1702-1703 years at the shipyard, located in the estuary Connection (lake Ladoga). But in 1704 laid the St. Petersburg Admiralty shipyard. Approaching the year of the battle of Cape Gangut – 1714.

Ambitious plans

Generated from vessels, descended from the stocks of the Admiralty shipyard, the fleet headed to the army of Peter the great in Finland. The king wanted to deploy their forces on the island, and then to land in Sweden. Galleys and scampavia in the amount of 99 pieces, which is 15 thousand soldiers, went to ABO, was the center of concentration of the Russian army. Prepared throw in the Aldan archipelago for landing. The operation was headed by F. M. Apraksin. But at the most southern point of the Peninsula, where he will battle off Cape Gangut, the path was blocked by a powerful, superior in Russian the number of war ships and their equipment, the Swedish fleet.

Military genius of Peter

The flagship “elephant” Vice-Admiral Wattrang, under whose command the fleet was to defeat the Russian, no doubt in the success. A flotilla of 15 ships of the line and three frigates, and a large detachment of rowing boats it was hard to resist, and Apraxin, which had neither the bravery nor the adventurousness of Lefort, Menshikov, and Peter himself, from the independent actions refused, removing thus the responsibility. In response to his message to the place the conflict arrives Peter I. the year of the battle of Cape GangutAfter reviewing the situation and the area commander orders in a narrow part of the Peninsula Gangut to arrange Perevoloka. Peter wanted to drag his ships to the other side of the Peninsula and strike at the rear of the Swedish fleet.

God With us

While he lay logs that facilitate transport shipsportage, the Swedes became known maneuver. With the aim of preventing the Admiral Vatrang sends 10 ships (command ship, 6 galleys and 3 skerbot) under the command of N. Erensheld to the place of descent of the Russian ships on the water – in Rilaks fjord. But nature was on the Russian side, and on 26 July 1714 came the calm, completely defuses the Swedish sailboats. Peter and his rowing flotilla rowed bypasses the main fleet of the Swedes, gets to the vessels of Erensheld and locks them in the Rilaks fjord.

Victory at sea

battle of Cape Gangut happenedThe Battle of Cape Gangut took place on 27 July 1714. The Swedes firmly rejected the offer to surrender, and on the third attempt (the first two were repulsed, as the Swedes were 116 cannons against 23 Peter the great) Russian galleys approached the enemy vessels and took them aboard. After heavy fighting “elephant” (“Elephant”) were captured, others surrendered to the court. Total Russian losses amounted to 469 people, of whom 124 were killed, which was buried with military honors, and the Swedes lost 700 killed and 230 surrendered at discretion. The Russian fleet did not lose a single vessel, and all 10 Swedish courts have become the spoils of war. Vice-Admiral Vatrang with the fleet retreated to Stockholm. Swedish yard in terror evacuated from the capital. Russian troops occupied the Aland archipelago, which during the last years of the Northern war the Russian guns bombed Swedish coast, causing them substantial damage.

The Feat of Russian sailors

Naval battle off Cape Gangut and its results has strengthened the Russian position in Finland. Peter compared this first Victoria Russian fleet in importance with the victory in the battle of Poltava. battle of Cape Gangut dateThe King was delighted with the courage, bravery, daring and sacrifice of his army. In honor of this glorious Victoria were minted medal for all participants, it received 144 2813 officers and soldiers and non-commissioned officers. The battle of Cape Gangut took place on 27 July 1714, and this date is added to the list of feats of arms of Russia. Colorful and lavish celebrations on the occasion of the first victory of Russian Navy was held in St. Petersburg on 9 September. There were two ceremonies. The first took place in the streets of the capital under the cheers of the townspeople.

Great holiday

great Northern war the battle of Cape GangutFirst in the Neva entered the caravan, consisting of captured Swedish ships, led by three Russian galleys. The commander's galley shautbenaht Peter Mikhailov (pseudonym of Peter the great) followed the captured ships, two galleys with soldiers brought up the rear of the caravan. Upon coming ashore, the flags and prisoners, among them were, Erensheld, carried and held in the city. The procession was heading to the arc de Triomphe. And above it stood an image in which the eagle clung to the back of an elephant. The inscription reads: “Russian eagle does not catch flies”. Under the elephant was meant to be the flagship of the “elephant”. Costumed action continued in the Senate, where in the lush surroundings of the Prince“Caesar” Romodanovsky welcomed shautbenaht Peter Mikhailov words: “Hello, Vice Admiral!” So to Peter the First was given this title, for which he annually received 2240 rubles.

The formation of the Empire

battle of Cape Gangut and GrengamBut not ended the great Northern war. The battle of Cape Gangut, included in all textbooks of Maritime military Affairs, was the first victory. The second major determines the outcome of the Northern war Victoria Petrovsky fleet happened, interestingly, on July 27, but already 1720. Won it at the island Grengam. By this time Russia became a major Maritime power with the mighty and invincible fleet. And before the end of the Northern war in 1716 in the Baltic sea maneuvers took place, which were attended by 84 of the ship from the Baltic States. 21 ship belonged to Russia. But the most important thing is that Peter was recognized as the Baltic powers as the major military sailor, and the right to command the United squadron of the English, Dutch, Danish, and Russian ships was entrusted to him. The battle of Cape Gangut and Grengam brought world glory to Russia and the recognition of its neighbours a major Maritime power.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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