Art: the origin of art. Arts
Table of contents:
The Understanding of reality, the expression of thoughts and feelings in symbolic form - all descriptions that could describe the art. The origin of art lies in the mystery for centuries. If some activities can be traced by archaeological finds, then the rest just do not leave a trace.
Read further and you will learn how did different types of art, as well as get acquainted with the most popular theories.
Theory of the origin
For many thousands of years, people fascinated with art. The origin of art is taught in various educational institutions. Researchers develop hypotheses and try to confirm them.
Today there are various theories on the origin of art. The most popular of the five options, which we will discuss next.
So the first to be announced religious theory. According to her, beauty – is one of the names and manifestations of God on earth, in our world. Art is a material expression of this idea. Consequently, all the fruits of human creativity owe their existence to the Creator.
The Next hypothesis is about the sensual nature of the phenomenon. The origin of primitive art, in particular, comes down to the game. It is this type of activity and relaxation appeared earlier work. We can observe the representatives of the animal Kingdom. Among the supporters version, you can call Spencer, Schiller, Fritsche and the studies performed by Bucher.
A Third theory sees in art a manifestation of eroticism. In particular, Freud, Lange and Nordau believe that this phenomenon appeared as a consequence of the need of the sexes to attract each other. An example from the animal world can be foreplay.
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The ancient Greek thinkers believed that the art of its appearance is obliged to the human ability to imitate. Aristotle and Democritus say, mimicking nature and developing within society, people are gradually able to symbolically convey the feelings.
The Most recent is the Marxist theory. She talks about art as the result of human industrial activity.
Next, we'll look at the history of different types of manifestations of creative genius.
Theatre
The Theatre as an art form originated a long time ago. Researchers believe that that idea is originated from shamanic rituals. In the ancient world, people strongly depended on nature, worshipped different phenomena, asked the spirits to help with the hunt.
It was used a variety of masks and costumes, were studied plots, separately for each case.
However, those rituals cannot be called a theatrical performance. This was the rites. In order for a game to be classified as visual arts should be, except the actor, and even the viewer.
So the actual birth of the theatre begins in antiquity. Prior to that was inextricably linked to different actions-dance, music, singing, etc. Subsequently, there is a separation, gradually formed three main areas: ballet, drama and Opera.
Fans of the game theory of the origin of art claim that it has emerged as a pastime, the entertainment. Basically, this statement is based on the ancient mysteries, where people dressed in costumes of satyrs, bacchantes. In this era a few times a year were held masquerades, crowded and Jolly holidays.
Subsequently, they begin to take shape in a separate area – theatre. Appear the works of playwrights such as Euripides, Aeschylus, Sophocles. There are two of the genre – tragedy and Comedy.
After the fall of the Roman Empire the art of the theatre was forgotten. In fact, in Western Europe it was being born - again from folk holidays and festivals.
Painting
The History of fine arts goes back to antiquity. Still find new drawings on the walls of caves in different parts of the world. For example, in the cave of Altamira in Spain, the Niah Caves in Malaysia, and others.
Usually, they mixed the dye with binders, such as coal or ocher with the resin. Subjects did not differ diversity. They were mostly images of animals, hunting scenes, handprints. This art refers to the Paleolithic and Mesolithic.
Later appear petroglyphs. Actually it's the same cave paintings, but with a more dynamic plot. Here already there are silhouettes of people, increasing the number of hunting scenes.
But some researchers the origin of the fine arts belong to the era of Ancient Egypt. It is in this state on the banks of the Nile appear strict canons of different genres. In particular, the fine arts here resulted in sculpture and monumental painting.
If you examine ancient drawings, we will see that this is the direction creative thought emerged from human attempts to copy, to fix the surrounding reality.
Later, the painting is represented by the monuments of the Cretan-Mycenaean period and the Greek vase painting. The development of this art begins to accelerate. Frescoes, icons of the first portraits. All this occurs during the first centuries BC.
If the murals were particularly popular in antiquity, the Middle ages, most artists worked on the creation of images of saints. Only in the Renaissance period gradually begin to stand out modern genres.
As the Italian Renaissance gave impetus to the development of the whole of Western European painting. Caravaggism, for example, greatly influenced by Flemish artists. Later develops a Baroque, classicism, sentimentalism and other genres.
Music
Music at least from ancient art. The origin of art belong to the first rituals of our ancestors, when developing a dance theatre originated. At the same time, there was music.
The Researchers believe that another fifty thousand years ago in Africa, people transmit their emotions through music. This is confirmed by the flute, archaeologists who find a number of sculptures in the area. The age of the statues - some forty thousand years.
The hypothesis of the origin of art, among others, do not dismiss the divine influence on the first creative people. It's hard to imagine a bored shepherd or hunter creates an elaborate system of holes on the handset to play a happy tune.
However, the first CRO-magnons used in ritual percussion and wind instruments.
Later comes the era of ancient music. The first recorded melody dates back to two thousand years before our era. A clay tablet with a cuneiform text was found during excavations in Nippur. After decoding, it became known that the music is written with notes.
This art is widely known in India, Persia, Mesopotamia, Egypt. During this period, applied brass, percussion and plucked instruments.
Replaced by old music. This art belonging to the era from the fall of the Roman Empire until the mid-eighteenth century. During this period, especially powerfully developed the Church's direction. The secular option is represented by the works of the troubadours, jugglers and minstrels.
Literature
The history of the arts and culture more understandable and reasoned gets when it comes to written sources. What literature allows you to more fully convey information. If other types of art focused mainly on the sensual and emotional sphere, the latter still operates and the categories of reason.
The Most ancient texts discovered in countries such as India, China, Persia, Egypt and Mesopotamia. Mostly they were carved on the walls of temples, stones, carved on clay tablets.
Among the genres of this period worth mentioning hymns, funerary texts, letters, autobiographies. Later appear narrative, teachings, prophecy.
However, more extensive and developed was the literature of antiquity. Thinkers and playwrights, poets and prose writers of Ancient Greece and Rome have left the descendants of inexhaustible treasure of wisdom. Here were laid the foundations of modern Western and world literature. In fact, the division into lyric, epic and drama was offered by the Aristotle.
Next comes the middle Ages. The history of Russian art, in particular literature, begins in this period. The first genres include copies of the gospel, the Bible, Sborniki, teaching and other.
Dance
One of the most difficult documented art forms. That dance began a long time ago, no doubt no one, however, to determine even an approximate frame unlikely to succeed.
The earliest images found in the caves of India. They painted human figures in dancing poses. Judging by the theories of the origin of art, in short, is the need for expressing emotion and attracting the opposite sex. It is the dance most fully confirms this hypothesis.
Until now, the dervishes use dance to enter into a trance. We know the name of the most famous dancers in Ancient Egypt. It was Salome, a native of Idoma (an ancient state in the North of the Sinai Peninsula).
The Civilization of the Far East still do not share a dance and theatre. Both art always went in pairs. The pantomime performances of the Japanese actors, Indian dancers, Chinese carnivals and processions. All these events allow us to Express emotions and keep the tradition without using the words.
Sculpture
It Turns out that the history of the fine arts is inextricably linked with other manifestations of creativity. For example, the sculpture was stopped in the moment of dance. This is evidenced by the many statues of Greek and Roman masters.
Article in other languages:
KK: https://www.tostpost.com/kk/ner-zh-ne-oyyn-sauy/20125-ner-nerd-shy-uy-t-rler-ner.html
PL: https://www.tostpost.com/pl/sztuka-i-rozrywka/20096-sztuka-pocz-tki-sztuki-rodzaje-sztuki.html
TR: https://www.tostpost.com/tr/sanat-ve-e-lence/20129-sanat-sanat-k-kenleri-t-rl-sanat.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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