Nonferrous metallurgy of Russia. The geography of non-ferrous metallurgy

The Main tasks of the enterprises of nonferrous metallurgy are the mining and concentration of metals and their redistribution, production rentals and alloys. In the Russian economy, this sector plays a very prominent role. The number of deposits of nonferrous metals, our country is one of the first places in the world.

Major sub-sectors

All non-ferrous metals can be divided into two groups: heavy (lead, copper, zinc, tin, etc.) and light (aluminum, magnesium, titanium). Accordingly, the enterprises of this branch are divided into two large groups. Also non-ferrous metallurgy of the country is divided into:

• Medou;
• Svintsovo-Zinkova;
• Olovyanniy;
• Nickel-cobaltului;
• Aluminievy;
• Wolfram-molibdenovomu;
• Zolotodobychi;
• Serebranaya;
• Placentomegaly;
• Titano-magnievy.

Part of the structure of such industries as ferrous metallurgy of Russia, and mining operations.

Terms that define geography

The placement of the enterprises of nonferrous metallurgy depends on a great number of various natural and economic factors. However the most significant can be considered:

• Raw. Most from where it is overlain by non-ferrous ores, independent of the enterprise group. The effectiveness of geological exploration and ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy in Russia, as in other countries, is in direct proportion.
• Fuel and energy. This factor has a huge impact on the location of the factories specializing in the production and processing of both light and heavy metals.

Copper industry

Non-ferrous metals this group in our country, located mainly in the Urals. Especially within the area allocated Krivogorsky, krasnoural'skiy, mednogorskiy and Sredneuralskaya plant. Engaged in copper mining in the city of Revda, Sverdlovsk region, in gay, Orenburg region, in Baimak and Sibai (Bashkortostan).

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Large enterprises for extraction and processing of copper there are in Siberia (cities of Norilsk and Monchegorsk).

The Nickel-cobalt industry

The location of the enterprises in this group is very heavily dependent on sources of raw materials. Represented non-ferrous metallurgy of Russia in this sub-sector mainly steel plants in regions such as:

• Kola Peninsula. Here are mined and processed mainly copper-Nickel sulfide ore.
• The Lower reaches of the Yenisei. The largest plant for the processing of sulphide ores is Norilsk. Produce this plant platinum, cobalt, Nickel, copper and some rare metals.
• The Urals. Enterprises of this region spetsializiruyutsya mainly on the processing of oxidized ores. They are located in the cities of Orsk, Verkhniy Ufaley, Rezh.

Lead-zinc industry

Enterprise is located at.

• North Ossetia (Sadovskoe field);
• The Kemerovo region (Salair);
• Chita oblast (Nerchinsky mine);
• Primorsky Krai (Dal).

Tin-mining industry

Focused non-ferrous metallurgy of Russia in this sub-sector mainly on the areas that consume the finished product. Some businesses are also on the way of transportation of the concentrated raw materials. This is due to the geography of this industry so that tin is dispersed mainly on small fields. And so in this case the construction of large plants next to them inappropriate. Besides the very raw material of the tin production industry has a high degree of transportability.

Basically, the resources of non-ferrous metals are concentrated in the far East and Eastern Siberia. The largest enterprises in these regions are plants of Sunny, Sherlovogorskaya, Khrustal'nens ESA-Hay.

Aluminum industry

The main features of this sub-sector include the use by businesses only very high quality raw material. Backside mined mainly:

• In the North-West (Boksitogorsk);
• In the Urals (Severogorsk, Krasnostein, Kamensk-Uralsky).

Large deposits of raw materials such as nepheline, are located mainly on the Kola Peninsula (Kirovsk) and in Eastern Siberia (between goryachegorsk, Achinsk).

The majority of centres for the production of light metal from the sources of raw materials pretty much removed. Aluminum metallurgy in Russia, as a very energy-intensive, mainly represented by enterprises located near cheap sources of energy - hydroelectric power station (in Volkhov, Kandalaksha, Volgograd, Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk, Shelekhov, etc.).

Titanium and magnesium industry

The Most significant principle of placing of the enterprises of this group is also close to cheap sources of energy. If processing plants magnesium can be located near deposits of raw materials, the titanium complexes are almost always built next to the hydroelectric power station. Primarily centers of ferrous metallurgy of Russia in this sub-sector are concentrated in the Urals. Plants for the processing of alloys are usually located in areas of consumption of finished products.

Gold mining

This is one of the most important enterprises of such industries as ferrous metallurgy of Russia. Gold mining in our country takes 5-6 place in the world. For proven reserves – the second. In tsarist Russia, this precious metal was extracted and processed mostly in the vicinity of placer deposits. At the moment most of them are already depleted. Therefore, the main emphasis now is placed on the development of indigenous deposits.

The gold Lies mostly in Siberia, the far East and the Urals. The main share of production falls on the mines:

• Udereisky. This mine is located in the Krasnodar region.
• Solov'ev. It is the oldest and largest mine in Amur region specializing in the extraction of placer gold.
• Neviarowski. Also a very old mine, opened in 1813.
• Town. This mine was discovered first in the history of Russia the diamond.
• Xenievskiy.
• Condor. This is a relatively new mine, opened in 60-ies. Here produce not only gold, but platinum.
• Dambuki. It's not one, but two of mine: old and new.
• Altai. Developed more than 50 years, but the gold here.

The Leader of the gold mining industry today is OJSC “Polyus gold”, leading the development in the Irkutsk, Magadan, Amur regions and in the Krasnodar region.

Diamond Mining

The structure of such industries as ferrous metallurgy of Russia, are the enterprises specialized in the production of this precious mineral. The main domestic its reserves in our country are located in Yakutia. The largest industries of this region are Anniversary and Successful, which accounted for 75% of diamonds mined in Russia. Overlie kimberlite pipes also:

• The Arkhangelsk region;
• Irkutsk oblast
• Krasnoyarsk region.

Are Potentially diamondiferous Leningrad oblast and Karelia.

The Most productive are the enterprises of nonferrous metallurgy of Russia in this group, leading the development of diamonds in primary deposits. In placer mining is largely carried out by small businesses.

Serebranaya industry

The Geography of ferrous metallurgy in this sub-sector is very wide. The development of silver deposits taking place in the country more than 20 regions. For the extraction of this precious metal, our country ranks first in the world. Leading is the Dukat Deposit in the Magadan region.

Platinum Mining

Most of this metal produced in Russia in the Urals. A lot of platinum also in the Baikal region, Taimyr and Kola Peninsula. Promising in this respect are Karelia, Voronezh oblast.

Despite the rather difficult economic conditions, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy of Russia - the industry is growing and promising. In any case, companies in this group remain profitable. A lot of attention is paid to metallurgical companies and the state.